The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | From | απο | | | ab | ab | From | ܡܢ | From | ἀπὸ | From | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | initio | initio | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | ἀρχῆς | the beginning | αρχης | | | autem | autem | the beginning | — | — | ἀρχῆς | the beginning | ||||||
| — | κτίσεως | of creation | — | | | ds | creaturæ | of creation | ܕܝܢ | of creation | κτίσεως | of creation | ||||||
| — | ἄρσεν | Male | αρσεν | | | masculum | masculum | Male | ܕܟܪܐ | Male | ἄρσεν | Male | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܢܩܒܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | θῆλυ | female | θηλυν | | | feminam | feminam | female | ܥܒܕ | female | θῆλυ | female | ||||||
| — | ἐποίησεν | He made | εποιησεν | | | fecit | fecit | He made | — | — | ἐποίησεν | He made | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς | them’ | — | | | — | eos | them’ | ܐܢܘܢ | them’ | αὐτοὺς | them’ | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεός· | God; | — | | | — | Deus | God; | ܐܠܗܐ | God; | θεός | God; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||