The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | and | και | | | et | Quibus | and | ܥܢܐ | and | Καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | respondens | answering | ܝܫܘܥ | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | — | | | ihs | Jesus | But | ܕܝܢ | but | Ἰησοῦς | But | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ait | ait | Jesus | — | — | εἶπεν | Jesus | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | ad | Ad | said | ܠܗܘܢ | said | αὐτοῖς | said | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | — | | | duritiam | duritiam | to them; | ܠܘܩܒܠ | to them; | Πρὸς | to them; | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | Because of | προς | | | — | — | — | ܩܫܝܘܬ | Because of | τὴν | Because of | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | moyses | — | — | — | — | σκληροκαρδίαν | the | ||||||
| — | σκληροκαρδίαν | hardness of heart | σκληροκαρδιαν | | | cordis | cordis | hardness of heart | ܠܒܟܘܢ | hardness of heart | ὑμῶν | hardness of heart | ||||||
| — | ὑμῶν | of you | ϋμων | | | uestri | vestri | of you | ܟܬܒ | of you | ἔγραψεν | of you | ||||||
| — | ἔγραψεν | He wrote | εγραψεν | | | scripsit | scripsit | He wrote | — | — | ὑμῖν | He wrote | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | for you | — | | | — | vobis | for you | ܠܟܘܢ | for you | τὴν | for you | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἐντολὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἐντολὴν | commandment | εντολην | | | praeceptum | præceptum | commandment | ܦܘܩܕܢܐ | commandment | ταύτην | commandment | ||||||
| — | ταύτην· | this; | ταυτην | | | istut | istud | this; | ܗܢܐ | this; | ταύτην· | this; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||