The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | — | | | et | Et | And | ܘܟܕ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀκούσαντες | having heard this | ακουσαντες | | | audientes | audientes | having heard this | ܫܡܥܘ | having heard this | ἀκούσαντες | having heard this | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | ceteri | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | δέκα | ten | — | | | de | decem | ten | ܥܤܪܐ | ten | δέκα | ten | ||||||
| — | ἤρξαντο | began | ηρξαντο | | | x | cœperunt | began | ܫܪܝܘ | began | ἤρξαντο | began | ||||||
| — | ἀγανακτεῖν | to be indignant | αγανακτειν | | | indignari | indignari | to be indignant | — | — | ἀγανακτεῖν | to be indignant | ||||||
| — | περὶ | about | περι | | | coeperunt | de | about | ܪܛܢܝܢ | about | περὶ | about | ||||||
| — | Ἰακώβου | James | ϊακωβου | | | iacobo | Jacobo | James | ܥܠ | James | Ἰακώβου | James | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܝܥܩܘܒ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | Ἰωάννου.¶ | John. | ϊωαννου | | | iohanne | Joanne | John. | ܘܝܘܚܢܢ | John. | Ἰωάννου | John. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||