The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | πολλοὶ | Many | πολλοι | | | multi | Multi | Many | ܤܓܝܐܐ | Many | Πολλοὶ | Many | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | ἔσονται | will be | εσονται | | | erunt | erunt | will be | ܩܕܡܝܐ | will be | ἔσονται | will be | ||||||
| — | πρῶτοι | first | πρωτοι | | | primi | primi | first | — | — | πρῶτοι | first | ||||||
| — | ἔσχατοι | last | εσχατοι | | | nouissimi | novissimi | last | ܕܢܗܘܘܢ | last | ἔσχατοι | last | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܚܪܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἔσχατοι | the | ||||||
| — | ἔσχατοι | last | εσχατοι | | | nouissimi | novissimi | last | ܘܐܚܪܝܐ | last | πρῶτοι | last | ||||||
| — | πρῶτοι.¶ | first. | πρωτοι | | | primi | primi | first. | ܩܕܡܝܐ | first. | πρῶτοι.¶ | first. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||