The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܫܪܝܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἤρξαντο | began | ηρξαντο | | | coeperunt | cœperunt | began | ܤܦܪܐ | began | ἤρξαντο | began | ||||||
| — | διαλογίζεσθαι | to reason | διαλογιζεσθαι | | | cogitare | cogitare | to reason | — | — | διαλογίζεσθαι | to reason | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | scribae | scribæ | scribes | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܡܬܚܫܒܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | in | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | Pharisees | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܡܢܘ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | ||||||
| — | τίς | Who | — | | | quid | Quis | Who | — | — | Τίς | Who | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | — | | | — | est | is | ܗܢܐ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | οὗτος | this | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this | ܕܡܡܠܠ | this | οὗτος | this | ||||||
| — | ὃς | who | — | | | cordibus | — | — | ܓܘܕܦܐ | who | ὃς | who | ||||||
| — | λαλεῖ | speaks | λαλει | | | suis | qui | speaks | ܡܢܘ | speaks | λαλεῖ | speaks | ||||||
| — | βλασφημίας; | blasphemies? | βλασφημιας | | | loquitur | loquitur | blasphemies? | — | — | βλασφημίας | blasphemies? | ||||||
| — | τίς | Who | τις | | | blasphemias | blasphemias | Who | ܡܫܟܚ | Who | Τίς | Who | ||||||
| — | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | quis | quis | is able | ܠܡܫܒܩ | is able | δύναται | is able | ||||||
| — | ἁμαρτίας | sins | αμαρτιας | | | potest | potest | sins | ܚܛܗܐ | sins | ἀφιέναι | sins | ||||||
| — | ἀφεῖναι | to forgive | αφειναι | | | dimittere | dimittere | to forgive | ܐܠܐ | to forgive | ἁμαρτίας | to forgive | ||||||
| — | εἰ | only | ει | | | peccata | peccata | only | — | — | εἰ | only | ||||||
| — | μὴ | except | μη | | | nisi | nisi | except | ܐܢ | except | μὴ | except | ||||||
| — | μόνος | the sole | — | | | solus | solus | the sole | ܐܠܗܐ | the sole | μόνος | the sole | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεός;¶ | God? | — | | | ds | Deus | God? | ܒܠܚܘܕ | God? | θεός | God? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 5:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||