The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | In | επ | | | in | In | In | ܫܪܪܐ | In | Ἐπ’ | In | ||||||
| — | ἀληθείας | truth | αληθειας | | | ueritate | veritate | truth | ܓܝܪ | truth | ἀληθείας | truth | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | — | | | dico | dico | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | uobis | vobis | I say | — | — | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν· | to you; | ϋμειν | | | quia | multæ | to you; | ܐܢܐ | to you; | ὑμῖν | to you; | ||||||
| — | πολλαὶ | many | πολλαι | | | — | viduæ | many | ܠܟܘܢ | many | πολλαὶ | many | ||||||
| — | χῆραι | widows | χηραι | | | erant | erant | widows | ܕܤܓܝ | widows | χῆραι | widows | ||||||
| — | ἦσαν | there were | ησαν | | | in | in | there were | ܐܪܡܠܬܐ | there were | ἦσαν | there were | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | diebus | diebus | in | ܐܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ταῖς | the | ταις | | | nemo | — | — | — | — | ταῖς | the | ||||||
| — | ἡμέραις | days | ημεραις | | | heliae | Eliæ | days | ܗܘܝ | days | ἡμέραις | days | ||||||
| — | Ἠλίου | of Elijah | ηλιου | | | in | in | of Elijah | — | — | Ἠλίου | of Elijah | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | Israël | in | ܒܐܝܤܪܝܠ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | istrahel | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰσραὴλ | Israel | — | | | quando | quando | Israel | ܒܝܘܡܝ | Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Israel | ||||||
| — | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | — | clausum | when | ܐܠܝܐ | when | ὅτε | when | ||||||
| — | ἐκλείσθη | was shut up | εκλεισθη | | | est | est | was shut up | ܢܒܝܐ | was shut up | ἐκλείσθη | was shut up | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | caelum | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανὸς | heaven | ουρανος | | | clusum | cælum | heaven | ܟܕ | heaven | οὐρανὸς | heaven | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | for | — | | | annis | annis | for | ܐܬܬܚܕܘ | for | ἐπὶ | for | ||||||
| — | ἔτη | years | ετη | | | tribus | tribus | years | — | — | ἔτη | years | ||||||
| — | τρία | three | τρια | | | et | et | three | ܫܡܝܐ | three | τρία | three | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | men | mensibus | and | ܫܢܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | μῆνας | months | μηνα | | | — | sex | months | ܬܠܬ | months | μῆνας | months | ||||||
| — | ἕξ, | six, | εξ | | | sicut | cum | six, | ܘܝܪܚܐ | six, | ἕξ | six, | ||||||
| — | ὡς | when | ως | | | facta | facta | when | ܫܬܐ | when | ὡς | when | ||||||
| — | ἐγένετο | there was | εγενετο | | | est | esset | there was | ܘܗܘܐ | there was | ἐγένετο | there was | ||||||
| — | λιμὸς | a famine | λιμος | | | famis | fames | a famine | — | — | λιμὸς | a famine | ||||||
| — | μέγας | great | μεγας | | | — | magna | great | ܟܦܢܐ | great | μέγας | great | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | upon | επι | | | in | in | upon | ܪܒܐ | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | ||||||
| — | πᾶσαν | all | πασαν | | | omnem | omni | all | ܒܟܠܗ | all | πᾶσαν | all | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | grandis | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | γῆν· | land; | γην | | | terram | terra | land; | ܐܪܥܐ | land; | γῆν | land; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 4:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||