The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | πνεῦμα | The Spirit | πνα | | | sps | Spiritus | The Spirit | ܪܘܚܗ | The Spirit | Πνεῦμα | The Spirit | ||||||
| — | κυρίου | of the Lord is | κυ | | | — | Domini | of the Lord | ܕܡܪܝܐ | of the Lord is | κυρίου | of the Lord is | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | upon | επ | | | super | super | upon | — | — | ἐπ’ | upon | ||||||
| — | ἐμέ, | Me myself, | εμε | | | me | me | me | ܥܠܝ | Me myself, | ἐμέ | Me myself, | ||||||
| — | οὗ | of which | ου | | | propter | propter quod | because | ܘܡܛܠ | of which | οὗ | of which | ||||||
| — | εἵνεκεν | because | εινεκεν | | | — | — | — | ܗܕܐ | because | εἵνεκεν | because | ||||||
| — | ἔχρισέν | He has anointed | εχρεισεν | | | unxit | unxit | anointed | ܡܫܚܢܝ | He has anointed | ἔχρισέν | He has anointed | ||||||
| — | με | Me | με | | | me | me | me | — | — | με | Me | ||||||
| — | εὐαγγελίσασθαι | to evangelise | ευαγγελισασθαι | | | euangelizare | evangelizare | to preach good news | ܠܡܤܒܪܘ | to evangelise | εὐαγγελίσασθαι | to evangelise | ||||||
| — | πτωχοῖς, | to the poor, | πτωχοις | | | pauperibus | pauperibus | to the poor | ܠܡܤܟܢܐ | to the poor, | πτωχοῖς | to the poor, | ||||||
| — | ἀπέσταλκέν | He has sent | — | | | misit | misit | sent | ܘܫܠܚܢܝ | He has sent | ἀπέσταλκέν | He has sent | ||||||
| — | με | Me | — | | | me | me | me | ܠܡܐܤܝܘ | Me | με | Me | ||||||
| — | ἰὰσασθαι | to heal | — | | | — | sanare | to heal | — | — | ἰάσασθαι | to heal | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | συντετριμμένους | bruised | — | | | — | contritos | the broken | ܠܬܒܝܪܝ | bruised | συντετριμμένους | bruised | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | καρδίαν | heart | — | | | — | corde | in heart | ܠܒܐ | heart | καρδίαν | heart | ||||||
| — | κηρύξαι | to proclaim | κηρυξαι | | | — | praedicare | to proclaim | ܘܠܡܟܪܙܘ | to proclaim | κηρύξαι | to proclaim | ||||||
| — | αἰχμαλώτοις | to the captives | αιχμαλωτοις | | | dmi | captivis | to captives | ܠܫܒܝܐ | to the captives | αἰχμαλώτοις | to the captives | ||||||
| — | ἄφεσιν | deliverance | αφεσιν | | | — | remissionem | release | — | — | ἄφεσιν | deliverance | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | et | and | ܫܘܒܩܢܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τυφλοῖς | to the blind | τυφλοις | | | — | caecis | to the blind | ܘܠܥܘܝܪܐ | to the blind | τυφλοῖς | to the blind | ||||||
| — | ἀνάβλεψιν, | recovery of sight, | αναβλεψιν | | | — | visum | sight | ܚܙܝܐ | recovery of sight, | ἀνάβλεψιν | recovery of sight, | ||||||
| — | ἀποστεῖλαι | to send forth | αποστειλαι | | | — | dimittere | to set free | ܘܠܡܫܪܪܘ | to send forth | ἀποστεῖλαι | to send forth | ||||||
| — | τεθραυσμένους | the oppressed | — | | | — | confractos | the oppressed | — | — | τεθραυσμένους | the oppressed | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | in | in | ܠܬܒܝܪܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ἀφέσει, | deliverance, | αφεσει | | | quod | remissione | freedom | ܒܫܘܒܩܢܐ | deliverance, | ἀφέσει | deliverance, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 4:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||