Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	ὅταν	When	οταν	\|	cum	Cum	When	ܘܡܐ	When	Ὅταν	When
		—	δὲ	then	δε	\|	autem	autem	then	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	then
		—	ἀκούσητε	you may hear of	ακουσητε	\|	audieritis	audieritis	you may hear of	ܐܢܬܘܢ	you may hear of	ἀκούσητε	you may hear of
		—	πολέμους	wars	πολεμους	\|	pugnas	prælia	wars	ܩܪܒܐ	wars	πολέμους	wars
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܫܓܘܫܝܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἀκαταστασίας,	commotions,	ακαταστασιας	\|	sed	seditiones	commotions,	ܠܐ	commotions,	ἀκαταστασίας	commotions,
		—	μὴ	not	μη	\|	dissensiones	nolite	not	ܬܕܚܠܘܢ	not	μὴ	not
		—	πτοηθῆτε·	may be terrified;	—	\|	ne	terreri	may be terrified;	ܥܬܝܕܢ	may be terrified;	πτοηθῆτε	may be terrified;
		—	δεῖ	it behooves	δει	\|	—	—	—	ܐܢܝܢ	it behooves	δεῖ	it behooves
		—	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	oportet	oportet	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
		—	ταῦτα	these things	—	\|	primum	primum	these things	ܗܠܝܢ	these things	ταῦτα	these things
		—	γενέσθαι	to take place	γενεσθαι	\|	timueritis	hæc	to take place	ܠܘܩܕܡ	to take place	γενέσθαι	to take place
		—	πρῶτον	first	πρωτον	\|	fieri	fieri	first	ܠܡܗܘܐ	first	πρῶτον	first
		—	ἀλλ᾽	but	αλλ	\|	enim	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλ’	but
		—	οὐκ	not	ουκ	\|	non	nondum	not	ܠܐ	not	οὐκ	not
		—	εὐθέως	immediately is	ευθεως	\|	hoc	statim	immediately is	ܥܕܟܝܠ	immediately is	εὐθέως	immediately is
		—	τὸ	the	το	\|	continuo	—	—	—	—	τὸ	the
		—	τέλος.	end.	τελος	\|	finis	finis	end.	ܚܪܬܐ	end.	τέλος	end.
	Next Fragment: Luke 22:4
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	ὅταν	When	οταν	\|	cum	Cum	When	ܘܡܐ	When	Ὅταν	When
	—	δὲ	then	δε	\|	autem	autem	then	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	then
	—	ἀκούσητε	you may hear of	ακουσητε	\|	audieritis	audieritis	you may hear of	ܐܢܬܘܢ	you may hear of	ἀκούσητε	you may hear of
	—	πολέμους	wars	πολεμους	\|	pugnas	prælia	wars	ܩܪܒܐ	wars	πολέμους	wars
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܫܓܘܫܝܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἀκαταστασίας,	commotions,	ακαταστασιας	\|	sed	seditiones	commotions,	ܠܐ	commotions,	ἀκαταστασίας	commotions,
	—	μὴ	not	μη	\|	dissensiones	nolite	not	ܬܕܚܠܘܢ	not	μὴ	not
	—	πτοηθῆτε·	may be terrified;	—	\|	ne	terreri	may be terrified;	ܥܬܝܕܢ	may be terrified;	πτοηθῆτε	may be terrified;
	—	δεῖ	it behooves	δει	\|	—	—	—	ܐܢܝܢ	it behooves	δεῖ	it behooves
	—	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	oportet	oportet	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
	—	ταῦτα	these things	—	\|	primum	primum	these things	ܗܠܝܢ	these things	ταῦτα	these things
	—	γενέσθαι	to take place	γενεσθαι	\|	timueritis	hæc	to take place	ܠܘܩܕܡ	to take place	γενέσθαι	to take place
	—	πρῶτον	first	πρωτον	\|	fieri	fieri	first	ܠܡܗܘܐ	first	πρῶτον	first
	—	ἀλλ᾽	but	αλλ	\|	enim	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλ’	but
	—	οὐκ	not	ουκ	\|	non	nondum	not	ܠܐ	not	οὐκ	not
	—	εὐθέως	immediately is	ευθεως	\|	hoc	statim	immediately is	ܥܕܟܝܠ	immediately is	εὐθέως	immediately is
	—	τὸ	the	το	\|	continuo	—	—	—	—	τὸ	the
	—	τέλος.	end.	τελος	\|	finis	finis	end.	ܚܪܬܐ	end.	τέλος	end.
Next Fragment: Luke 22:4
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

ὅταν

When

οταν

cum

Cum

When

ܘܡܐ

When

Ὅταν

When

—

δὲ

then

δε

autem

then

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

then

—

ἀκούσητε

you may hear of

ακουσητε

audieritis

you may hear of

ܐܢܬܘܢ

you may hear of

ἀκούσητε

you may hear of

—

πολέμους

wars

πολεμους

pugnas

prælia

wars

ܩܪܒܐ

wars

πολέμους

wars

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܫܓܘܫܝܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἀκαταστασίας,

commotions,

ακαταστασιας

sed

seditiones

commotions,

ܠܐ

commotions,

ἀκαταστασίας

commotions,

—

μὴ

not

μη

dissensiones

nolite

not

ܬܕܚܠܘܢ

not

μὴ

not

—

πτοηθῆτε·

may be terrified;

—

terreri

may be terrified;

ܥܬܝܕܢ

may be terrified;

πτοηθῆτε

may be terrified;

—

δεῖ

it behooves

δει

—

ܐܢܝܢ

it behooves

δεῖ

it behooves

—

γὰρ

for

γαρ

oportet

for

ܓܝܪ

for

γὰρ

for

—

ταῦτα

these things

—

primum

these things

ܗܠܝܢ

these things

ταῦτα

these things

—

γενέσθαι

to take place

γενεσθαι

timueritis

hæc

to take place

ܠܘܩܕܡ

to take place

γενέσθαι

to take place

—

πρῶτον

first

πρωτον

fieri

first

ܠܡܗܘܐ

first

πρῶτον

first

—

ἀλλ᾽

but

αλλ

enim

sed

but

ܐܠܐ

but

ἀλλ’

but

—

οὐκ

not

ουκ

non

nondum

not

ܠܐ

not

οὐκ

not

—

εὐθέως

immediately is

ευθεως

hoc

statim

immediately is

ܥܕܟܝܠ

immediately is

εὐθέως

immediately is

—

τὸ

the

το

continuo

—

τὸ

the

—

τέλος.

end.

τελος

finis

end.

ܚܪܬܐ

end.

τέλος

end.

Next Fragment: Luke 22:4

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 21:9

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 21:9

Translation Lineage