The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | τότε | Then | — | | | exurget | Tunc | Then | ܢܩܘܡ | Then | Τότε | Then | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | — | | | — | dicebat | He was saying | ܓܝܪ | He was saying | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | — | | | enim | illis | to them; | — | — | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | ἐγερθήσεται | Will rise up | εγερθησεται | | | — | Surget | Will rise up | ܥܡܐ | Will rise up | Ἐγερθήσεται | Will rise up | ||||||
| — | ἔθνος | nation | εθνος | | | gens | gens | nation | ܥܠ | nation | ἔθνος | nation | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | against | επ | | | contra | contra | against | — | — | ἐπὶ | against | ||||||
| — | ἔθνος | nation | εθνος | | | gentem | gentem | nation | ܥܡܐ | nation | ἔθνος | nation | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܡܠܟܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλεια | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | — | — | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | against | επι | | | contra | adversus | against | ܥܠ | against | ἐπὶ | against | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν, | kingdom, | βασιλειαν | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom, | ܡܠܟܘ | kingdom, | βασιλείαν | kingdom, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||