The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | He said; | ܫܪܪܐ | He said; | εἶπεν | He said; | ||||||
| — | ἀληθῶς | Truly | αληθως | | | uere | Vere | Truly | ܐܡܪ | Truly | Ἀληθῶς | Truly | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | dico | dico | I say | ܐܢܐ | I say | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | to you | ܠܟܘܢ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quia | quia | that | ܕܗܕܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ἡ | <the> | η | | | misit | — | — | — | — | ἡ | <the> | ||||||
| — | χήρα | widow | χηρα | | | uidua | vidua | widow | ܐܪܡܠܬܐ | widow | χήρα | widow | ||||||
| — | αὕτη | this | αυτη | | | haec | hæc | this | ܡܤܟܢܬܐ | this | ἡ | this | ||||||
| — | ἡ | <the> | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | πτωχὴ | <the> | ||||||
| — | πτωχὴ | poor | πτωχη | | | paupera | pauper | poor | ܐܪܡܝܬ | poor | αὕτη | poor | ||||||
| — | πλεῖον | more | — | | | plus | plus | more | ܝܬܝܪ | more | πλεῖον | more | ||||||
| — | πάντων | than all | παντων | | | — | quam | than all | ܡܢ | than all | πάντων | than all | ||||||
| — | ἔβαλεν· | has cast in; | εβαλεν | | | omnibus | omnes | has cast in; | ܟܠܢܫ | has cast in; | ἔβαλεν | has cast in; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||