The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | εἶδεν | He saw | ειδεν | | | uidit | Vidit | He saw | ܘܚܙܐ | He saw | εἶδεν | He saw | ||||||
| — | δέ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | then | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | τινα | and | ||||||
| — | τινα | a certain | τινα | | | quandam | quamdam | a certain | ܐܪܡܠܬܐ | a certain | καὶ | a certain | ||||||
| — | χήραν | widow | χηραν | | | uiduam | viduam | widow | ܚܕܐ | widow | χήραν | widow | ||||||
| — | πενιχρὰν | poor | πενιχραν | | | pauperam | pauperculam | poor | ܡܤܟܢܬܐ | poor | πενιχρὰν | poor | ||||||
| — | βάλλουσαν | casting | βαλλουσαν | | | mittentem | mittentem | casting | ܕܐܪܡܝܬ | casting | βάλλουσαν | casting | ||||||
| — | ἐκεῖ | in | — | | | quod | æra | in | — | — | ἐκεῖ | in | ||||||
| — | λεπτὰ | lepta | — | | | minus | minuta | lepta | ܫܡܘܢܐ | lepta | δύο | lepta | ||||||
| — | δύο.¶ | two. | δυο | | | duo | duo | two. | ܬܪܝܢ | two. | λεπτά | two. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||