The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | He said | ܘܐܡܪ | He said | Εἶπεν | He said | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܠܗܘܢ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς· | them; | αυτους | | | eos | illos | them; | ܐܝܟܢܐ | them; | αὐτούς | them; | ||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | Quomodo | How | ܐܡܪܝܢ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | λέγουσιν | do they declare | λεγουσιν | | | dicunt | dicunt | do they declare | ܤܦܪܐ | do they declare | λέγουσιν | do they declare | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | χριστὸν | Christ | — | | | xpm | Christum | Christ | ܡܫܝܚܐ | Christ | χριστὸν | Christ | ||||||
| — | εἶναι | to be | — | | | filium | filium | to be | ܕܒܪܗ | to be | υἱὸν | to be | ||||||
| — | Δαυὶδ | David's | — | | | — | esse | David's | ܗܘ | David's | Δαυὶδ | David's | ||||||
| — | υἱόν; | Son | ϋιον | | | dauid | David | Son | ܕܕܘܝܕ | Son | εἶναι | Son | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||