The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | κατανοήσας | having perceived | — | | | cognoscens | Considerans | having perceived | ܗܘ | having perceived | Κατανοήσας | having perceived | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | of them | αυτων | | | eorum | dolum | of them | ܐܤܬܟܠ | of them | αὐτῶν | of them | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | πανουργίαν | craftiness | — | | | iniquitatem | illorum | craftiness | ܚܪܥܘܬܗܘܢ | craftiness | πανουργίαν | craftiness | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | He said | — | — | εἶπεν | He said | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܘܐܡܪ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς | them | αυτους | | | eos | eos | them | ܡܢܐ | them | αὐτούς | them | ||||||
| — | τί | why | τι | | | quid | Quid | why | ܡܢܤܝܢ | why | Τί | why | ||||||
| — | με | me | με | | | me | me | me | ܐܢܬܘܢ | me | με | me | ||||||
| — | πειράζετε· | do you test; | πειραζετε | | | temptatis | tentatis | do you test; | ܠܝ | do you test; | πειράζετε | do you test; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||