The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἔξεστιν | Is it lawful | εξεστιν | | | licet | Licet | Is it lawful | ܫܠܝܛ | Is it lawful | Ἔξεστιν | Is it lawful | ||||||
| — | ἡμᾶς | for us | — | | | nobis | nobis | for us | ܠܢ | for us | ἡμῖν | for us | ||||||
| — | Καίσαρι | to Caesar | — | | | tributum | tributum | to Caesar | ܕܢܬܠ | to Caesar | Καίσαρι | to Caesar | ||||||
| — | φόρον | tribute | φορον | | | dare | dare | tribute | ܟܤܦ | tribute | φόρον | tribute | ||||||
| — | δοῦναι | to give | — | | | caesari | Cæsari | to give | ܪܫܐ | to give | δοῦναι | to give | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | ||||||
| — | οὔ; | not? | ου | | | non | non | not? | ܐܘ | not? | οὔ | not? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||