The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | hoc | Hæc | And | ܘܟܕ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | τοῦτο | this | τουτο | | | cum | cum | this | ܐܡܪ | this | τοῦτο | this | ||||||
| — | εἰπὼν | having said | ειπων | | | dixisset | dixisset | having said | ܗܠܝܢ | having said | εἰπὼν | having said | ||||||
| — | ἐνεφύσησεν | He breathed on them | ενεφυσησεν | | | insuflauit | insufflavit | He breathed on them | ܢܦܚ | He breathed on them | ἐνεφύσησεν | He breathed on them | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܒܗܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | λέγει | He says | — | | | eos | dixit | He says | ܘܐܡܪ | He says | λέγει | He says | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | — | eis | to them; | ܠܗܘܢ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | λάβετε | do receive | λαβετε | | | accipite | Accipite | do receive | ܩܒܠܘ | do receive | Λάβετε | do receive | ||||||
πναP5 · P66 | the Spirit | πνεῦμα | the Spirit | πνευμα | | | spm | Spiritum | the Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | the Spirit | πνεῦμα | the Spirit | |||||
αγιονP5 · P66 | Holy. | ἅγιον. | Holy. | αγιον | | | sanctum | Sanctum | Holy. | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | Holy. | ἅγιον | Holy. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||