The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἀποκριθεὶς | Answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | Respondens | Answering | ܥܢܐ | Answering | Ἀποκριθεὶς | Answering | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | quod | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | — | — | — | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν· | said; | ειπεν | | | ihs | Jesus | said; | ܠܐ | said; | εἶπεν | said; | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | Not | ουκ | | | dixit | dixit | Not | ܝܕܥܝܢ | Not | Οὐκ | Not | ||||||
| — | οἴδατε | you know | οιδατε | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you know | οἴδατε | you know | ||||||
| — | τί | what | τι | | | nescitis | Nescitis | what | ܡܢܐ | what | τί | what | ||||||
| — | αἰτεῖσθε. | you ask for. | — | | | quid | quid | you ask for. | ܫܐܠܝܢ | you ask for. | αἰτεῖσθε | you ask for. | ||||||
| — | δύνασθε | Are you able | — | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | Are you able | Δύνασθε | Are you able | ||||||
| — | πιεῖν | to drink | — | | | petatis | petatis | to drink | ܡܫܟܚܝܢ | to drink | πιεῖν | to drink | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | ποτήριον | cup | ποτηριον | | | potestis | Potestis | cup | ܐܢܬܘܢ | cup | ποτήριον | cup | ||||||
| — | ὃ | which | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὃ | which | ||||||
| — | ἐγὼ | I myself | εγω | | | bibere | bibere | I myself | ܟܤܐ | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | ||||||
| — | μέλλω | am about | μελλω | | | calicem | calicem | am about | ܕܐܢܐ | am about | μέλλω | am about | ||||||
| — | πίνειν | to drink | πεινειν | | | — | quem | to drink | ܥܬܝܕ | to drink | πίνειν | to drink | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܡܫܬܐ | and | ἢ | and | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | βάπτισμα | baptism | — | | | ego | ego | baptism | ܐܘ | baptism | βάπτισμα | baptism | ||||||
| — | ὃ | what | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὃ | what | ||||||
| — | ἐγὼ | I myself | — | | | — | — | — | ܕܐܢܐ | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | ||||||
| — | βαπτίζομαι | am baptized | — | | | sum | sum | am baptized | ܥܡܕ | am baptized | βαπτίζομαι | am baptized | ||||||
| — | βαπτισθῆναι; | to be baptized? | — | | | dicunt | Dicunt | to be baptized? | ܐܢܐ | to be baptized? | βαπτισθῆναι | to be baptized? | ||||||
| — | λέγουσιν | They say | λεγουσιν | | | — | — | — | ܬܥܡܕܘܢ | They say | Λέγουσιν | They say | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ· | to Him; | — | | | uiuiturus | ei | to Him; | ܐܡܪܝܢ | to Him; | αὐτῷ | to Him; | ||||||
| — | δυνάμεθα.¶ | We are able. | δυναμεθα | | | possimus | Possumus | We are able. | ܠܗ | We are able. | Δυνάμεθα | We are able. | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||