The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ille | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | δε | | | ad | autem | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | ἐμβλέψας | having looked | — | | | dixit | aspiciens | having looked | ܕܝܢ | having looked | ἐμβλέψας | having looked | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | at them | αυτοις | | | eos | eos | at them | ܚܪ | at them | αὐτοῖς | at them | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | aedificantes | ait | He said; | ܒܗܘܢ | He said; | εἶπεν | He said; | ||||||
| — | τί | What | τι | | | quid | Quid | What | ܘܐܡܪ | What | Τί | What | ||||||
| — | οὖν | then | ουν | | | est | est | then | ܘܡܢܐ | then | οὖν | then | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | ergo | ergo | is | ܗܝ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | τὸ | that | το | | | hoc | — | — | — | — | τὸ | that | ||||||
| — | γεγραμμένον | written | γεγραμμενον | | | quod | quod | written | ܗܝ | written | γεγραμμένον | written | ||||||
| — | τοῦτο· | this: | τουτο | | | scriptum | scriptum | this: | — | — | τοῦτο | this: | ||||||
| — | λίθον | The stone | λιθον | | | est | est | The stone | ܕܟܬܝܒܐ | The stone | Λίθον | The stone | ||||||
| — | ὃν | which | ον | | | lapidem | Lapidem | which | ܕܟܐܦܐ | which | ὃν | which | ||||||
| — | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | απεδοκιμασαν | | | quem | quem | rejected | ܕܐܤܠܝܘ | rejected | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | οι | | | reprobauerunt | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | οἰκοδομοῦντες, | building, | οικοδομουντες | | | — | ædificantes | building, | ܒܢܝܐ | building, | οἰκοδομοῦντες | building, | ||||||
| — | οὗτος | this | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this | ܗܝ | this | οὗτος | this | ||||||
| — | ἐγενήθη | has become | εγενηθη | | | factus | factus | has become | ܗܘܬ | has become | ἐγενήθη | has become | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | est | est | into | ܠܪܝܫ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | the head | — | | | inspiciens | in | the head | ܩܪܢܐ | the head | κεφαλὴν | the head | ||||||
| — | γωνίας; | of the corner’? | γωνιας | | | caput | caput | of the corner’? | ܕܙܘܝܬܐ | of the corner’? | γωνίας | of the corner’? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||