The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | ad | Et | And | ܘܩܥܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐβόησεν | he called out | εβοησεν | | | ille | clamavit | he called out | ܘܐܡܪ | he called out | ἐβόησεν | he called out | ||||||
| — | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying; | ܝܫܘܥ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦ | Jesus | ιηυ | | | — | Jesu | Jesus | — | — | Ἰησοῦ | Jesus | ||||||
| — | υἱὲ | Son | υιε | | | fili | fili | Son | ܒܪܗ | Son | υἱὲ | Son | ||||||
| — | Δαυίδ, | of David, | δαυειδ | | | dauid | David | of David, | ܕܕܘܝܕ | of David, | Δαυίδ | of David, | ||||||
| — | ἐλέησόν | do have mercy on | ελεησον | | | miserere | miserere | do have mercy on | ܐܬܪܚܡ | do have mercy on | ἐλέησόν | do have mercy on | ||||||
| — | με.¶ | me. | με | | | mei | mei | me. | ܥܠܝ | me. | με | me. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||