The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
λεγειP52 · P66 · P90 | Says | Λέγει | Says | λεγει | | | dicit | Dicit | Says | ܐܡܪ | Says | Λέγει | Says | |||||
αυτωP52 · P66 · P90 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to Him | ܠܗ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
οP52 · P66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | causam | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
πειλατοσP52 · P66 · P90 | Pilate; | Πιλᾶτος· | Pilate; | πειλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate; | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate; | Πιλάτος | Pilate; | |||||
τιP52 · P66 · P90 | What | τί | What | — | | | quid | Quid | What | ܡܢܘ | What | Τί | What | |||||
εστινP52 · P66 · P90 | is | ἐστιν | is | — | | | est | est | is | ܫܪܪܐ | is | ἐστιν | is | |||||
αληθειαP52 · P66 · P90 | truth? | ἀλήθεια; | truth? | — | | | ueritas | veritas | truth? | ܘܟܕ | truth? | ἀλήθεια | truth? | |||||
καιP52 · P66 · P90 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
τουτοP52 · P66 · P90 | this | τοῦτο | this | τουτο | | | cum | cum | this | ܗܕܐ | this | τοῦτο | this | |||||
ειπωνP52 · P66 · P90 | having said | εἰπὼν | having said | ειπων | | | hoc | hoc | having said | ܢܦܩ | having said | εἰπών | having said | |||||
παλινP52 · P66 · P90 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | dixisset | dixisset | again | ܠܗ | again | πάλιν | again | |||||
εξηλθενP52 · P66 · P90 | he went out | ἐξῆλθεν | he went out | εξηλθεν | | | iterum | iterum | he went out | ܬܘܒ | he went out | ἐξῆλθεν | he went out | |||||
προσP52 · P66 · P90 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | exiit | exivit | to | ܠܘܬ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
τουσP52 · P66 · P90 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
ιουδαιουσP52 · P66 · P90 | Jews | Ἰουδαίους | Jews | ϊουδαιους | | | ad | ad | Jews | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Jews | Ἰουδαίους | Jews | |||||
καιP52 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | iudaeos | Judæos | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
λεγειP52 · P66 · P90 | says | λέγει | says | λεγει | | | et | et | says | ܠܗܘܢ | says | λέγει | says | |||||
αυτοισP52 · P66 · P90 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | dicit | dicit | to them; | ܐܢܐ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
εγωP52 · P66 · P90 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | εγω | | | eis | eis | I myself | ܐܦܠܐ | I myself | Ἐγὼ | I myself | |||||
ουδεμιανP52 · P66 · P90 | no thing | οὐδεμίαν | no thing | ουδεμιαν | | | ego | Ego | no thing | ܚܕܐ | no thing | οὐδεμίαν | no thing | |||||
εὑρίσκωP52 · P66 · P90 | find | εὑρίσκω | find | — | | | nullam | nullam | find | ܥܠܬܐ | find | αἰτίαν | find | |||||
ἐνP52 · P66 · P90 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | inuenio | invenio | in | ܡܫܟܚ | in | εὑρίσκω | in | |||||
αὐτῷP52 · P66 · P90 | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | — | | | in | in | Him | ܐܢܐ | Him | ἐν | Him | |||||
αἰτίαν.P52 · P66 · P90 | guilt. | αἰτίαν. | guilt. | αιτιαν | | | eo | eo | guilt. | ܒܗ | guilt. | αὐτῷ | guilt. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||