The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τουτοP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | Said | ܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
γεγεννημαιP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | itaque | itaque | therefore | ܠܗ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
καιP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to Him | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
εληλυθαP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | audit | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
εισP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Pilate; | Πιλᾶτος· | Pilate; | πειλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate; | — | — | Πιλάτος | Pilate; | |||||
τονP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Then | οὐκοῦν | Then | ουκουν | | | ergo | Ergo | Then | ܡܕܝܢ | Then | Οὐκοῦν | Then | |||||
κοσμονP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | a king | βασιλεὺς | a king | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | a king | ܡܠܟܐ | a king | βασιλεὺς | a king | |||||
ιναP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | are | εἶ | are | ει | | | es | es | are | ܐܢܬ | are | εἶ | are | |||||
μαρτυρησωP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | You yourself? | σύ; | You yourself? | συ | | | tu | tu | You yourself? | ܐܡܪ | You yourself? | σύ | You yourself? | |||||
τηP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Answered | ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | απεκριθη | | | respondit | Respondit | Answered | ܠܗ | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | |||||
αληθειαP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | uocem | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
πασP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus; | — | — | Σὺ | Jesus; | |||||
οP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | — | | | tu | Tu | You yourself | ܝܫܘܥ | You yourself | λέγεις | You yourself | |||||
ωνP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | say | λέγεις | say | — | | | dicis | dicis | say | ܐܢܬ | say | ὅτι | say | |||||
εκP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | that | ὅτι | that | — | | | quia | quia | that | ܐܡܪܬ | that | βασιλεύς | that | |||||
τησP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | a king | βασιλεύς | a king | — | | | rex | rex | a king | ܕܡܠܟܐ | a king | εἰμι | a king | |||||
αληθειασP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | am | εἰμι | am | — | | | sum | sum | am | ܐܢܐ | am | ἐγώ | am | |||||
ακουειP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | I myself. | ἐγώ. | I myself. | — | | | ego | ego | I myself. | — | — | Ἐγὼ | I myself. | |||||
μουP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | — | | | ego | Ego | I myself | ܐܢܐ | I myself | εἰς | I myself | |||||
τησP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | for | εἰς | for | ις | | | in | in | for | ܠܗܕܐ | for | τοῦτο | for | |||||
φωνησP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | this | τοῦτο | this | — | | | hoc | hoc | this | ܝܠܝܕ | this | γεγέννημαι | this | |||||
γεγέννημαιP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | have been born | γεγέννημαι | have been born | — | | | natus | natus | have been born | ܐܢܐ | have been born | καὶ | have been born | |||||
καὶP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | sum | sum | and | — | — | εἰς | and | |||||
εἰςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | for | εἰς | for | εις | | | et | et | for | ܘܠܗܕܐ | for | τοῦτο | for | |||||
τοῦτοP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | this | τοῦτο | this | τουτο | | | ad | ad | this | ܐܬܝܬ | this | ἐλήλυθα | this | |||||
ἐλήλυθαP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | I have come | ἐλήλυθα | I have come | — | | | hoc | hoc | I have come | ܠܥܠܡܐ | I have come | εἰς | I have come | |||||
εἰςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | ueni | veni | into | ܕܐܤܗܕ | into | τὸν | into | |||||
τὸνP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | meam | — | — | — | — | κόσμον | the | |||||
κόσμονP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | world | κόσμον | world | κοσμον | | | in | in | world | ܥܠ | world | ἵνα | world | |||||
ἵναP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | that | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | mundum | mundum | that | — | — | μαρτυρήσω | that | |||||
μαρτυρήσωP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | I may bear witness | μαρτυρήσω | I may bear witness | μαρτυρησων | | | ut | ut | I may bear witness | ܫܪܪܐ | I may bear witness | τῇ | I may bear witness | |||||
τῇP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | to the | τῇ | to the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀληθείᾳ | to the | |||||
ἀληθείᾳ.P52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | truth. | ἀληθείᾳ. | truth. | αληθεια | | | testimonium | testimonium | truth. | ܟܠ | truth. | Πᾶς | truth. | |||||
πᾶςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | Everyone | πᾶς | Everyone | πας | | | perhibeam | perhibeam | Everyone | ܡܢ | Everyone | ὁ | Everyone | |||||
ὁP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | who | ὁ | who | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὢν | who | |||||
ὢνP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | is being | ὢν | is being | ων | | | ueritati | veritati | is being | ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ | is being | ἐκ | is being | |||||
ἐκP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | omnis | omnis | of | ܡܢ | of | τῆς | of | |||||
τῆςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀληθείας | the | |||||
ἀληθείαςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | truth | ἀληθείας | truth | αληθειας | | | qui | qui | truth | — | — | ἀκούει | truth | |||||
ἀκούειP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | hears | ἀκούει | hears | ακουι | | | est | est | hears | ܫܪܪܐ | hears | μου | hears | |||||
μουP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | My | μου | My | μου | | | ex | ex | My | ܫܡܥ | My | τῆς | My | |||||
τῆςP52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | φωνῆς | the | |||||
φωνῆς.¶P52 · P60 · P66 · P90 | voice. | φωνῆς.¶ | voice. | φωνης | | | ueritate | veritate | voice. | ܩܠܝ | voice. | φωνῆς.¶ | voice. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||