The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἰδὼν | Having seen | ϊδων | | | uidens | Videns | Having seen | ܘܟܕ | Having seen | Ἰδὼν | Having seen | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | ihs | Jesus | him | ܝܫܘܥ | him | αὐτὸν | him | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | in | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | eum | illum | Jesus | ܕܟܪܝܬ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | περίλυπον | sorrowful | περιλυπον | | | tristem | tristem | sorrowful | ܠܗ | sorrowful | περίλυπον | sorrowful | ||||||
| — | γενόμενον | became | γενομενον | | | factum | factum | became | ܐܡܪ | became | γενόμενον | became | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν· | saying; | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | saying; | ܐܝܟܢܐ | saying; | εἶπεν | saying; | ||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | — | Quam | How | ܥܛܠܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | δυσκόλως | difficult | δυσκολως | | | difficile | difficile | difficult | ܠܐܝܠܝܢ | difficult | δυσκόλως | difficult | ||||||
| — | οἱ | for those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | for those | ||||||
| — | τὰ | <the> | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | ||||||
| — | χρήματα | riches | χρηματα | | | qui | qui | riches | ܕܐܝܬ | riches | χρήματα | riches | ||||||
| — | ἔχοντες | having when | εχοντες | | | pecunias | pecunias | having when | ܠܗܘܢ | having when | ἔχοντες | having when | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | habent | habent | into | ܢܟܤܐ | into | εἰσελεύσονται | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | εἰς | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν | kingdom | βασιλειαν | | | introibunt | in | kingdom | ܕܢܥܠܘܢ | kingdom | τὴν | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | quomodo | — | — | — | — | βασιλείαν | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | regnum | regnum | of God | ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ | of God | τοῦ | of God | ||||||
| — | εἰσπορεύονται. | they enter. | — | | | dei | Dei | they enter. | ܕܐܠܗܐ | they enter. | θεοῦ | they enter. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||