The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθηP66 · P75 | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Respondit | Answered | ܥܢܐ | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | ||||||
νικοδημοσP66 · P75 | Nicodemus | Νικόδημος | Nicodemus | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Nicodemus | Nicodemus | ܢܝܩܕܡܘܤ | Nicodemus | Νικόδημος | Nicodemus | ||||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | et | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | said | εἶπεν | said | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | dixit | said | ܠܗ | said | εἶπεν | said | ||||||
αυτωP66 · P75 | to Him; | αὐτῷ· | to Him; | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ei | to Him; | — | — | αὐτῷ | to Him; | ||||||
πωσP66 · P75 | How | πῶς | How | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Quomodo | How | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
δυναταιP66 · P75 | are able | δύναται | are able | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | possunt | are able | ܡܫܟܚܢ | are able | δύναται | are able | ||||||
ταυταP66 · P75 | these things | ταῦτα | these things | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | hæc | these things | ܗܠܝܢ | these things | ταῦτα | these things | ||||||
γενεσθαιP66 · P75 | to be? | γενέσθαι;¶ | to be? | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | fieri | to be? | ܠܡܗܘܐ | to be? | γενέσθαι | to be? | ||||||
| Next Verse Available | Resumes at 3:26 | ||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||