Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
ηδηP4		Already	ἤδη	Already	ηδη	\|	iam	Jam	Already	ܗܐ	Already	Ἤδη	Already
δεP4		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	autem	enim	now	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
καιP4		also	καὶ	also	—	\|	securis	securis	also	ܢܪܓܐ	also	καὶ	also
ηP4		the	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
αξεινηP4		ax	ἀξίνη	ax	αξεινη	\|	ad	ad	ax	—	—	ἀξίνη	ax
προσP4		to	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	radicem	radicem	to	ܤܝܡ	to	πρὸς	to
τηνP4		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
ριζανP4		root	ῥίζαν	root	ριζαν	\|	arborum	arborum	root	ܥܠ	root	ῥίζαν	root
τωνP4		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	in	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
δενδρωνP4		trees	δένδρων	trees	δενδρων	\|	posita	posita	trees	ܥܩܪܐ	trees	δένδρων	trees
κειταιP4		is applied;	κεῖται·	is applied;	κειται	\|	est	est	is applied;	ܕܐܝܠܢܐ	is applied;	κεῖται	is applied;
πανP4		every	πᾶν	every	παν	\|	omnis	Omnis	every	ܟܠ	every	πᾶν	every
ουνP4		therefore	οὖν	therefore	ουν	\|	ergo	ergo	therefore	—	—	οὖν	therefore
δενδρονP4		tree	δένδρον	tree	δενδρον	\|	arbor	arbor	tree	ܐܝܠܢܐ	tree	δένδρον	tree
μηP4		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	non	non	not	ܗܟܝܠ	not	μὴ	not
ποιουνP4		producing	ποιοῦν	producing	ποιουν	\|	faciens	faciens	producing	ܕܦܐܪܐ	producing	ποιοῦν	producing
καρπονP4		fruit	καρπὸν	fruit	—	\|	fructum	fructum	fruit	ܛܒܐ	fruit	καρπὸν	fruit
εκκοπτεταιP4		good	καλὸν	good	—	\|	bonum	bonum	good	ܠܐ	good	καλὸν	good
καιP4		is cut down	ἐκκόπτεται	is cut down	εκκοπτεται	\|	exciditur	excidetur	is cut down	ܥܒܕ	is cut down	ἐκκόπτεται	is cut down
εισP4		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
πυρP4		into	εἰς	into	εις	\|	in	in	into	ܡܬܦܤܩ	into	εἰς	into
βαλλεταιP4		the fire	πῦρ	the fire	πυρ	\|	ignem	ignem	the fire	ܘܒܢܘܪܐ	the fire	πῦρ	the fire
βάλλεται.P4		is thrown.	βάλλεται.	is thrown.	βαλλεται	\|	mittitur	mittetur	is thrown.	ܢܦܠ	is thrown.	βάλλεται	is thrown.
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
ηδηP4		Already	ἤδη	Already	ηδη	\|	iam	Jam	Already	ܗܐ	Already	Ἤδη	Already
δεP4		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	autem	enim	now	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
καιP4		also	καὶ	also	—	\|	securis	securis	also	ܢܪܓܐ	also	καὶ	also
ηP4		the	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
αξεινηP4		ax	ἀξίνη	ax	αξεινη	\|	ad	ad	ax	—	—	ἀξίνη	ax
προσP4		to	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	radicem	radicem	to	ܤܝܡ	to	πρὸς	to
τηνP4		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
ριζανP4		root	ῥίζαν	root	ριζαν	\|	arborum	arborum	root	ܥܠ	root	ῥίζαν	root
τωνP4		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	in	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
δενδρωνP4		trees	δένδρων	trees	δενδρων	\|	posita	posita	trees	ܥܩܪܐ	trees	δένδρων	trees
κειταιP4		is applied;	κεῖται·	is applied;	κειται	\|	est	est	is applied;	ܕܐܝܠܢܐ	is applied;	κεῖται	is applied;
πανP4		every	πᾶν	every	παν	\|	omnis	Omnis	every	ܟܠ	every	πᾶν	every
ουνP4		therefore	οὖν	therefore	ουν	\|	ergo	ergo	therefore	—	—	οὖν	therefore
δενδρονP4		tree	δένδρον	tree	δενδρον	\|	arbor	arbor	tree	ܐܝܠܢܐ	tree	δένδρον	tree
μηP4		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	non	non	not	ܗܟܝܠ	not	μὴ	not
ποιουνP4		producing	ποιοῦν	producing	ποιουν	\|	faciens	faciens	producing	ܕܦܐܪܐ	producing	ποιοῦν	producing
καρπονP4		fruit	καρπὸν	fruit	—	\|	fructum	fructum	fruit	ܛܒܐ	fruit	καρπὸν	fruit
εκκοπτεταιP4		good	καλὸν	good	—	\|	bonum	bonum	good	ܠܐ	good	καλὸν	good
καιP4		is cut down	ἐκκόπτεται	is cut down	εκκοπτεται	\|	exciditur	excidetur	is cut down	ܥܒܕ	is cut down	ἐκκόπτεται	is cut down
εισP4		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
πυρP4		into	εἰς	into	εις	\|	in	in	into	ܡܬܦܤܩ	into	εἰς	into
βαλλεταιP4		the fire	πῦρ	the fire	πυρ	\|	ignem	ignem	the fire	ܘܒܢܘܪܐ	the fire	πῦρ	the fire
βάλλεται.P4		is thrown.	βάλλεται.	is thrown.	βαλλεται	\|	mittitur	mittetur	is thrown.	ܢܦܠ	is thrown.	βάλλεται	is thrown.
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

ηδηP4

Already

ἤδη

Already

ηδη

iam

Jam

Already

ܗܐ

Already

Ἤδη

Already

δεP4

now

δὲ

now

δε

autem

enim

now

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

now

καιP4

also

καὶ

also

—

securis

also

ܢܪܓܐ

also

καὶ

also

ηP4

the

ἡ

the

—

ἡ

the

αξεινηP4

ἀξίνη

αξεινη

—

ἀξίνη

προσP4

πρὸς

προς

radicem

ܤܝܡ

πρὸς

τηνP4

the

τὴν

the

την

—

τὴν

the

ριζανP4

root

ῥίζαν

root

ριζαν

arborum

root

ܥܠ

root

ῥίζαν

root

τωνP4

of the

τῶν

of the

των

—

τῶν

of the

δενδρωνP4

trees

δένδρων

trees

δενδρων

posita

trees

ܥܩܪܐ

trees

δένδρων

trees

κειταιP4

is applied;

κεῖται·

is applied;

κειται

est

is applied;

ܕܐܝܠܢܐ

is applied;

κεῖται

is applied;

πανP4

every

πᾶν

every

παν

omnis

Omnis

every

ܟܠ

every

πᾶν

every

ουνP4

therefore

οὖν

therefore

ουν

ergo

therefore

—

οὖν

therefore

δενδρονP4

tree

δένδρον

tree

δενδρον

arbor

tree

ܐܝܠܢܐ

tree

δένδρον

tree

μηP4

not

μὴ

not

μη

non

not

ܗܟܝܠ

not

μὴ

not

ποιουνP4

producing

ποιοῦν

producing

ποιουν

faciens

producing

ܕܦܐܪܐ

producing

ποιοῦν

producing

καρπονP4

fruit

καρπὸν

fruit

—

fructum

fruit

ܛܒܐ

fruit

καρπὸν

fruit

εκκοπτεταιP4

good

καλὸν

good

—

bonum

good

ܠܐ

good

καλὸν

good

καιP4

is cut down

ἐκκόπτεται

is cut down

εκκοπτεται

exciditur

excidetur

is cut down

ܥܒܕ

is cut down

ἐκκόπτεται

is cut down

εισP4

and

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

πυρP4

into

εἰς

into

εις

into

ܡܬܦܤܩ

into

εἰς

into

βαλλεταιP4

the fire

πῦρ

the fire

πυρ

ignem

the fire

ܘܒܢܘܪܐ

the fire

πῦρ

the fire

βάλλεται.P4

is thrown.

βάλλεται.

is thrown.

βαλλεται

mittitur

mittetur

is thrown.

ܢܦܠ

is thrown.

βάλλεται

is thrown.

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 3:9

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 3:9

Translation Lineage