The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP4 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܡܫܐܠܝܢ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
επηρωτωνP4 | were asking | ἐπηρώτων | were asking | — | | | interrogauerunt | interrogabant | were asking | ܗܘܘ | were asking | ἐπηρώτων | were asking | |||||
αυτονP4 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | illum | eum | him | ܠܗ | him | αὐτὸν | him | |||||
οιP4 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | populi | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
οχλοιP4 | crowds | ὄχλοι | crowds | οχλοι | | | ut | turbæ | crowds | ܟܢܫܐ | crowds | ὄχλοι | crowds | |||||
λεγοντεσP4 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | |||||
τιP4 | What | τί | What | τι | | | quid | Quid | What | ܡܢܐ | What | Τί | What | |||||
ουνP4 | then | οὖν | then | — | | | — | ergo | then | ܗܟܝܠ | then | οὖν | then | |||||
ποιησωμενP4 | shall we do? | ποιήσωμεν; | shall we do? | ποιησωμεν | | | faciemus | faciemus | shall we do? | ܢܥܒܕ | shall we do? | ποιήσομεν | shall we do? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||