The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Μακάριοι | Blessed are | μακαριοι | | | beati | Beati | Blessed are | ܛܘܒܝܗܘܢ | Blessed are | Μακάριοι | Blessed are | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | spu | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | πτωχοὶ | poor | πτωχοι | | | pauperes | pauperes | poor | ܠܡܤܟܢܐ | poor | πτωχοὶ | poor | ||||||
| — | τῷ | in the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | in the | ||||||
| — | πνεύματι, | spirit, | πνι | | | — | spiritu | spirit, | ܒܪܘܚ | spirit, | πνεύματι | spirit, | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | for | οτι | | | quoniam | quoniam | for | — | — | ὅτι | for | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | theirs | αυτων | | | ipsorum | ipsorum | theirs | ܕܕܝܠܗܘܢ | theirs | αὐτῶν | theirs | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܗܝ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλεια | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανῶν.¶ | heavens. | ουρανων | | | caelorum | cælorum | heavens. | ܕܫܡܝܐ | heavens. | οὐρανῶν | heavens. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 5:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||