The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἰδὼν | Having seen | ϊδων | | | uidens | Videns | ? | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Having seen | Ἰδὼν | Having seen | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | but/however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | uideuitis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πιλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | ? | ܟܕ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quia | quia | because/that | ܚܙܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | οὐδὲν | no thing | ουδεν | | | nihil | nihil | ? | ܕܡܕܡ | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | ||||||
| — | ὠφελεῖ | it availed | ωφελει | | | proficit | proficeret | ? | ܠܐ | it availed | ὠφελεῖ | it availed | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | μᾶλλον | rather | μαλλον | | | magis | magis | ? | ܐܠܐ | rather | μᾶλλον | rather | ||||||
| — | θόρυβος | a riot | θορυβος | | | tum | tumultus | ? | ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ | a riot | θόρυβος | a riot | ||||||
| — | γίνεται, | is arising, | γεινεται | | | fieri | fieret | ? | ܪܘܒܐ | is arising, | γίνεται | is arising, | ||||||
| — | λαβὼν | having taken | λαβων | | | accipiens | accepta | ? | ܗܘܐ | having taken | λαβὼν | having taken | ||||||
| — | ὕδωρ | water | ϋδωρ | | | aquam | aqua | ? | ܫܩܠ | water | ὕδωρ | water | ||||||
| — | ἀπενίψατο | he washed | απενιψατο | | | lauit | lavit | ? | ܡܝܐ | he washed | ἀπενίψατο | he washed | ||||||
| — | τὰς | the | τας | | | suas | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | ||||||
| — | χεῖρας | hands | χειρας | | | manus | coram | ? | ܐܫܝܓ | hands | χεῖρας | hands | ||||||
| — | ἀπέναντι | opposite | — | | | coram | populo | to the people | ܐܝܕܘܗܝ | opposite | ἀπέναντι | opposite | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | ὄχλου | crowd | οχλου | | | populo | dicens | saying | ܠܥܝܢ | crowd | ὄχλου | crowd | ||||||
| — | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | Innocens | ? | ܟܢܫܐ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | ||||||
| — | ἀθῷός | Guiltless | αθωος | | | innocens | ego | I | ܘܐܡܪ | Guiltless | Ἀθῷός | Guiltless | ||||||
| — | εἰμι | I am | ειμι | | | ego | sum | ? | ܡܚܤܝ | I am | εἰμι | I am | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | of | απο | | | sum | a | from | ܐܢܐ | of | ἀπὸ | of | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | αἵματος | blood | αιματος | | | a | sanguine | ? | ܡܢ | blood | αἵματος | blood | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δικαίου | righteous one | — | | | sanguinem | justi | ? | ܕܡܗ | righteous one | δικαίου | righteous one | ||||||
| — | τούτου· | of this; | τουτου | | | — | hujus | ? | ܕܗܢܐ | of this; | τούτου | of this; | ||||||
| — | ὑμεῖς | For yourselves | ϋμεις | | | huius | vos | you (pl) | ܙܕܝܩܐ | For yourselves | ὑμεῖς | For yourselves | ||||||
| — | ὄψεσθε.¶ | you will behold. | — | | | uos | videritis | ? | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you will behold. | ὄψεσθε | you will behold. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 27:62 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||