The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP37 | <the> | Ὁ | <the> | — | | | autem | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
αυτωP37 | And | δὲ | And | — | | | dixit | Dixitque | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
εταιρεP37 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | illi | illi | Jesus | ܕܝܢ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
εφP37 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | ihs | Jesus | said | ܝܫܘܥ | said | εἶπεν | said | |||||
οP37 | to him; | αὐτῷ· | to him; | αυτω | | | — | Amice | to him; | ܐܡܪ | to him; | αὐτῷ | to him; | |||||
παρειP37 | Friend, | ἑταῖρε, | Friend, | — | | | ad | ad | Friend, | ܠܗ | Friend, | Ἑταῖρε | Friend, | |||||
τοτεP37 | do for | ἐφ᾽ | do for | — | | | — | quid | do for | ܥܠ | do for | ἐφ’ | do for | |||||
προσελθοντεσP37 | what | ὃ | what | ο | | | uenisti | — | — | — | — | ᾧ | what | |||||
επεβαλονP37 | you are come. | πάρει. | you are come. | παρει | | | tunc | Tunc | you are come. | ܕܐܬܝܬ | you are come. | πάρει | you are come. | |||||
τασP37 | Then | τότε | Then | τοτε | | | accedentes | accesserunt | Then | — | — | Τότε | Then | |||||
χειρασP37 | having come to him | προσελθόντες | having come to him | προσελθοντες | | | et | et | having come to him | ܚܒܪܝ | having come to him | προσελθόντες | having come to him | |||||
επιP37 | they laid | ἐπέβαλον | they laid | επεβαλον | | | manus | manus | they laid | ܗܝܕܝܢ | they laid | ἐπέβαλον | they laid | |||||
τονP37 | <the> | τὰς | <the> | τας | | | quod | — | — | — | — | τὰς | <the> | |||||
ιηνP37 | hands | χεῖρας | hands | χειρας | | | in | injecerunt | hands | ܐܬܩܪܒܘ | hands | χεῖρας | hands | |||||
καιP37 | on | ἐπὶ | on | επι | | | inmiserunt | in | on | ܘܐܪܡܝܘ | on | ἐπὶ | on | |||||
εκρατησανP37 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
αυτονP37 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιην | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | |||||
καὶP37 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | ame | et | and | ܥܠ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ἐκράτησανP37 | seized | ἐκράτησαν | seized | εκρατησαν | | | tenuerunt | tenuerunt | seized | ܝܫܘܥ | seized | ἐκράτησαν | seized | |||||
αὐτόν.P37 | Him. | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܘܐܚܕܘܗܝ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||