The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τοτεP37 | Then | Τότε | Then | τοτε | | | tunc | Tunc | Then | ܗܝܕܝܢ | Then | Τότε | Then | |||||
ερχεταιP37 | He comes | ἔρχεται | He comes | ερχεται | | | uenit | venit | He comes | ܐܬܐ | He comes | ἔρχεται | He comes | |||||
προσP37 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | — | — | πρὸς | to | |||||
τουσP37 | the | τοὺς | the | — | | | eis | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
μαθητασP37 | disciples | μαθητὰς | disciples | — | | | discipulos | discipulos | disciples | ܠܘܬ | disciples | μαθητὰς | disciples | |||||
καιP37 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | — | | | suos | suos | of him | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
λεγειP37 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αυτοισP37 | says | λέγει | says | — | | | dicit | dicit | says | — | — | λέγει | says | |||||
καθευδετεP37 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | — | | | — | illis | to them; | ܠܗܘܢ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
τοP37 | Sleep | καθεύδετε | Sleep | — | | | dormite | Dormite | Sleep | ܕܡܟܘ | Sleep | Καθεύδετε | Sleep | |||||
λοιπονP37 | <the> | τὸ | <the> | — | | | de | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | |||||
καιP37 | later on | λοιπὸν | later on | — | | | — | jam | later on | ܡܟܝܠ | later on | λοιπὸν | later on | |||||
αναπαυεσθεP37 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
ιδουP37 | take your rest; | ἀναπαύεσθε· | take your rest; | — | | | requiescite | requiescite | take your rest; | ܘܐܬܬܢܝܚܘ | take your rest; | ἀναπαύεσθε | take your rest; | |||||
ηγγικενP37 | Behold | ἰδοὺ | Behold | — | | | ecce | ecce | Behold | ܗܐ | behold | Ἰδού | Behold | |||||
ηP37 | has drawn near | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | — | | | — | appropinquavit | has drawn near | ܡܛܬ | has drawn near | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | |||||
ωραP37 | the | ἡ | the | — | | | cetero | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
καιP37 | hour, | ὥρα, | hour, | — | | | hora | hora | hour, | ܫܥܬܐ | hour, | ὥρα | hour, | |||||
οP37 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
υιοσP37 | the | ὁ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
τουP37 | Son | υἱὸς | Son | — | | | filius | Filius | Son | ܘܒܪܗ | Son | υἱὸς | Son | |||||
ανθρωπουP37 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | adpropiauit | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
παραδιδοταιP37 | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ανθρωπου | | | hominis | hominis | of Man | ܕܐܢܫܐ | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | |||||
εισP37 | is betrayed | παραδίδοται | is betrayed | παραδιδοται | | | tradetur | tradetur | is betrayed | ܡܫܬܠܡ | is betrayed | παραδίδοται | is betrayed | |||||
χειρασP37 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | — | — | εἰς | into | |||||
αμαρτωλωνP37 | the hands | χεῖρας | the hands | χειρας | | | manus | manus | the hands | ܒܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ | the hands | χεῖρας | the hands | |||||
ἁμαρτωλῶν.P37 | of sinners. | ἁμαρτωλῶν. | of sinners. | αμαρτωλων | | | peccatorum | peccatorum | of sinners. | ܕܚܛܝܐ | of sinners. | ἁμαρτωλῶν | of sinners. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||