The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εφηP37 · P45 · P53 | was saying | Ἔφη | was saying | εφη | | | ait | Ait | was saying | ܐܡܪ | was saying | Ἔφη | was saying | |||||
αυτωP37 · P45 · P53 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | illi | illi | to him | ܠܗ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
καιP37 · P45 · P53 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | abnegabis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
οP37 · P45 · P53 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus; | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | |||||
ιησP37 · P45 · P53 | Amen | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | Amen | Amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | |||||
αμηνP37 · P45 · P53 | I say | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | dico | dico | I say | ܐܡܪ | I say | λέγω | I say | |||||
λεγωP37 · P45 · P53 | to you | σοι | to you | σοι | | | tibi | tibi | to you | ܐܢܐ | to you | σοι | to you | |||||
σοιP37 · P45 · P53 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quia | quia | that | ܠܟ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
οτιP37 · P45 · P53 | during | ἐν | during | — | | | — | in | during | ܕܒܗܢܐ | during | ἐν | during | |||||
ταυτηP37 · P45 · P53 | this | ταύτῃ | this | ταυτη | | | hac | hac | this | ܠܠܝܐ | this | ταύτῃ | this | |||||
τηP37 · P45 · P53 | <the> | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | <the> | |||||
νυκτιP37 · P45 · P53 | night | νυκτὶ | night | νυκτει | | | nocte | nocte | night | ܩܕܡ | night | νυκτί | night | |||||
πρινP37 · P45 · P53 | before the | πρὶν | before the | πρειν | | | antequam | antequam | before the | ܕܢܩܪܐ | before the | πρὶν | before the | |||||
αλεκτοραP37 · P45 · P53 | rooster | ἀλέκτορα | rooster | αλεκτορα | | | gallus | gallus | rooster | ܬܪܢܓܠܐ | rooster | ἀλέκτορα | rooster | |||||
φωνησαιP37 · P45 · P53 | crowing | φωνῆσαι | crowing | φωνησαι | | | cantet | cantet | crowing | ܬܠܬ | crowing | φωνῆσαι | crowing | |||||
τρισP37 · P45 · P53 | three times | τρὶς | three times | τρις | | | ter | ter | three times | ܙܒܢܝܢ | three times | τρὶς | three times | |||||
απαρνησηP37 · P45 · P53 | you will deny | ἀπαρνήσῃ | you will deny | απαρνηση | | | me | me | you will deny | ܬܟܦܘܪ | you will deny | ἀπαρνήσῃ | you will deny | |||||
μεP37 · P45 · P53 | Me. | με.¶ | Me. | με | | | — | negabis | Me. | ܒܝ | Me. | με | Me. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||