The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οψιασP37 · P45 | As evening | Ὀψίας | As evening | οψειας | | | sero | Vespere | As evening | ܘܟܕ | As evening | Ὀψίας | As evening | |||||
δεP37 · P45 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
γενομενησP37 · P45 | having arrived | γενομένης | having arrived | γενομενης | | | facto | facto | having arrived | ܪܡܫܐ | having arrived | γενομένης | having arrived | |||||
ανεκειτοP37 · P45 | He was reclining | ἀνέκειτο | He was reclining | ανεκειτο | | | discumbebat | discumbebat | He was reclining | ܤܡܝܟ | He was reclining | ἀνέκειτο | He was reclining | |||||
μεταP37 · P45 | with | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | cum | cum | with | ܗܘܐ | with | μετὰ | with | |||||
τωνP37 · P45 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
δώδεκαP37 · P45 | twelve | δώδεκα | twelve | — | | | — | discipulis | twelve | ܬܪܥܤܪ | twelve | δώδεκα | twelve | |||||
μαθητῶν.P37 · P45 | disciples. | μαθητῶν. | disciples. | — | | | xii | suis | disciples. | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | disciples. | μαθητῶν. | disciples. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||