The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οP45 | <the> | Ὁ | <the> | ο | | | meis | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
δεP45 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | qui | At | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
ειπενP45 | He said; | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | — | Jesus | He said; | ܕܝܢ | He said; | εἶπεν | He said; | |||||
υπαγετεP45 | do go | ὑπάγετε | do go | ϋπαγετε | | | dixit | dixit | do go | ܐܡܪ | do go | Ὑπάγετε | do go | |||||
εισP45 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | autem | Ite | into | ܠܗܘܢ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τηνP45 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
πολινP45 | city | πόλιν | city | πολιν | | | in | in | city | ܙܠܘ | city | πόλιν | city | |||||
προσP45 | unto | πρὸς | unto | προς | | | ciuitate | civitatem | unto | — | — | πρὸς | unto | |||||
τονP45 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
δειναP45 | a certain man | δεῖνα | a certain man | δεινα | | | ad | ad | a certain man | ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ | a certain man | δεῖνα | a certain man | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | quendam | quemdam | and | ܠܘܬ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ειπατεP45 | do tell | εἴπατε | do tell | ειπατε | | | et | et | do tell | ܦܠܢ | do tell | εἴπατε | do tell | |||||
αυτωιP45 | him: | αὐτῷ· | him: | αυτω | | | dicite | dicite | him: | ܘܐܡܪܘ | him: | αὐτῷ | him: | |||||
οP45 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | itte | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | the | |||||
διδασκαλοσP45 | Teacher | διδάσκαλος | Teacher | διδασκαλος | | | eis | ei | Teacher | ܠܗ | Teacher | διδάσκαλος | Teacher | |||||
λεγειP45 | says; | λέγει· | says; | λεγει | | | magister | Magister | says; | ܪܒܢ | says; | λέγει | says; | |||||
οP45 | The | ὁ | The | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | |||||
καιροσP45 | time | καιρός | time | καιρος | | | dicit | dicit | time | ܐܡܪ | time | καιρός | time | |||||
μουP45 | for Me | μου | for Me | μου | | | tempus | Tempus | for Me | ܙܒܢܝ | for Me | μου | for Me | |||||
εγγυσP45 | near | ἐγγύς | near | — | | | meum | meum | near | ܡܛܐ | near | ἐγγύς | near | |||||
εστινP45 | is, | ἐστιν, | is, | εστιν | | | prope | prope | is, | ܠܗ | is, | ἐστιν | is, | |||||
προσP45 | with | πρὸς | with | προς | | | est | est | with | — | — | πρός | with | |||||
σεP45 | you | σὲ | you | σε | | | ei | apud | you | ܠܘܬܟ | you | σε | you | |||||
ποιωP45 | I keep | ποιῶ | I keep | — | | | te | te | I keep | ܥܒܕ | I keep | ποιῶ | I keep | |||||
τοP45 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πασχαP45 | Passover | πάσχα | Passover | πασχα | | | faciam | facio | Passover | ܐܢܐ | Passover | Πάσχα | Passover | |||||
μεταP45 | with | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | pascha | Pascha | with | ܦܨܚܐ | with | μετὰ | with | |||||
τωνP45 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | ad | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
μαθητωνP45 | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | μαθητων | | | cum | cum | disciples | ܥܡ | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | |||||
μουP45 | of Mine.’ | μου. | of Mine.’ | μου | | | discipulis | discipulis | of Mine.’ | ܬܠܡܝܕܝ | of Mine.’ | μου | of Mine.’ | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||