The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αποκριθεισP75 | Answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | Answering | αποκριθεις | | | autem | Et | Answering | ܥܢܐ | Answering | Ἀποκριθεὶς | Answering | |||||
δεP75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | respondens | respondens | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
εισP75 | the | ὁ | the | — | | | ex | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
ονοματιP75 | one | εἷς | one | εις | | | unus | unus | one | ܡܢܗܘܢ | one | εἷς | one | |||||
κλεοπασP75 | from | ἐξ | from | — | | | cui | cui | from | ܕܫܡܗ | from | ᾧ | from | |||||
ειπενP75 | of them | αὐτῶν | of them | — | | | nomen | nomen | of them | — | — | ὄνομα | of them | |||||
προσP75 | whose | ᾧ | whose | ω | | | cleopas | Cleophas | whose | ܩܠܝܘܦܐ | whose | Κλεοπᾶς | whose | |||||
αυτονP75 | name | ὀνόματι | name | ονομα | | | dixit | dixit | name | ܘܐܡܪ | name | εἶπεν | name | |||||
συP75 | Cleopas | Κλεοπᾶς | Cleopas | κλεοπας | | | eis | ei | Cleopas | ܠܗ | Cleopas | πρὸς | Cleopas | |||||
μονοσP75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | tu | Tu | said | ܐܢܬ | said | αὐτόν | said | |||||
παροικεισP75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | solus | solus | to | ܗܘ | to | Σὺ | to | |||||
ιλημP75 | Him; | αὐτόν· | Him; | αυτον | | | ad | peregrinus | Him; | ܟܝ | Him; | μόνος | Him; | |||||
καιP75 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | συ | | | es | es | You yourself | ܒܠܚܘܕܝܟ | You yourself | παροικεῖς | You yourself | |||||
ουκP75 | alone | μόνος | alone | μονος | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἱερουσαλήμ | alone | |||||
εγνωσP75 | visit | παροικεῖς | visit | παροικεις | | | in | in | visit | ܢܘܟܪܝܐ | visit | καὶ | visit | |||||
ταP75 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | eum | Jerusalem | in | ܡܢ | in | οὐκ | in | |||||
γενομεναP75 | Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλὴμ | Jerusalem | ϊερουσαλημ | | | aduena | et | Jerusalem | ܐܘܪܫܠܡ | Jerusalem | ἔγνως | Jerusalem | |||||
ενP75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | hierusalem | non | and | ܕܠܐ | and | τὰ | and | |||||
αυτηP75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | nescisti | cognovisti | not | ܝܕܥ | not | γενόμενα | not | |||||
ενP75 | have known | ἔγνως | have known | εγνως | | | quae | quæ | have known | ܐܢܬ | have known | ἐν | have known | |||||
τηP75 | the things | τὰ | the things | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | αὐτῇ | the things | |||||
ημεραισP75 | having come to pass | γενόμενα | having come to pass | γενομενα | | | facta | facta | having come to pass | ܡܕܡ | having come to pass | ἐν | having come to pass | |||||
ταυταισP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | sunt | sunt | in | — | — | ταῖς | in | |||||
αὐτῇP75 | it | αὐτῇ | it | αυτη | | | in | in | it | ܕܗܘܐ | it | ἡμέραις | it | |||||
ἐνP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | ea | illa | in | ܒܗ | in | ταύταις | in | |||||
ταῖςP75 | <the> | ταῖς | <the> | ταις | | | in | — | — | — | — | ταῖς | <the> | |||||
ἡμέραιςP75 | days | ἡμέραις | days | ημεραις | | | istis | his | days | ܒܗܢܘܢ | days | ἡμέραις | days | |||||
ταύταις;P75 | these? | ταύταις; | these? | ταυταις | | | diebus | diebus | these? | ܝܘܡܬܐ | these? | ταύταις; | these? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||