The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τηιP45 | On the | Τῇ | On the | τη | | | pascha | Pascha | On the | ܠܟ | On the | Τῇ | On the | |||||
δεP45 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | prima | Prima | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
πρωτηιP45 | first day | πρώτῃ | first day | πρωτη | | | autem | autem | first day | ܕܝܢ | first day | πρώτῃ | first day | |||||
τωνP45 | of the | τῶν | of the | των | | | ihu | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
αζυμωνP45 | unleavened bread | ἀζύμων | unleavened bread | αζυμων | | | — | die | unleavened bread | ܩܕܡܝܐ | unleavened bread | ἀζύμων | unleavened bread | |||||
προσηλθονP45 | came | προσῆλθον | came | προσηλθον | | | azymorum | azymorum | came | ܕܦܛܝܪܐ | came | προσῆλθον | came | |||||
οιP45 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
μαθηταιP45 | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | μαθηται | | | accesserunt | accesserunt | disciples | ܩܪܒܘ | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | |||||
τωιP45 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 | to Jesus | Ἰησοῦ | to Jesus | ιηυ | | | discipuli | discipuli | to Jesus | ܬܠܡܝܕܐ | to Jesus | Ἰησοῦ | to Jesus | |||||
λεγοντεσP45 | saying | λέγοντες | saying | λεγοντες | | | — | ad | saying | ܠܘܬ | saying | λέγοντες | saying | |||||
πουP45 | to him: | αὐτῷ· | to him: | — | | | — | Jesum | to him: | ܝܫܘܥ | to him: | αὐτῷ | to him: | |||||
θελεισP45 | Where | ποῦ | Where | που | | | dicentes | dicentes | Where | ܘܐܡܪܘ | Where | Ποῦ | Where | |||||
ετοιμασωμενP45 | wish you that | θέλεις | wish you that | θελεις | | | ubi | Ubi | wish you that | ܠܗ | wish you that | θέλεις | wish you that | |||||
σοιP45 | we may prepare | ἑτοιμάσωμέν | we may prepare | — | | | uis | vis | we may prepare | ܐܝܟܐ | we may prepare | ἑτοιμάσομέν | we may prepare | |||||
φαγεινP45 | for You | σοι | for You | σοι | | | paremus | paremus | for You | ܨܒܐ | for You | σοι | for You | |||||
τοP45 | to eat | φαγεῖν | to eat | φαγειν | | | tibi | tibi | to eat | ܐܢܬ | to eat | φαγεῖν | to eat | |||||
πασχαP45 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πάσχα;¶P45 | Passover? | πάσχα;¶ | Passover? | πασχα | | | manducare | comedere | Passover? | ܕܢܛܝܒ | Passover? | Πάσχα | Passover? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||