The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὕστερον | Afterward | ϋστερον | | | nouissime | Novissime | Afterward | ܒܚܪܬܐ | Afterward | Ὕστερον | Afterward | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | dme | vero | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | ἔρχονται | come | — | | | uenerunt | veniunt | come | ܐܬܝ | come | ἔρχονται | come | ||||||
| — | καὶ | also | — | | | — | et | also | ܐܦ | also | καὶ | also | ||||||
| — | αἱ | the | αι | | | — | — | — | — | — | αἱ | the | ||||||
| — | λοιπαὶ | other | λοιπαι | | | reliquae | reliquæ | other | ܒܬܘܠܬܐ | other | λοιπαὶ | other | ||||||
| — | παρθένοι | virgins | παρθενοι | | | uirgines | virgines | virgins | ܐܚܪܢܝܬܐ | virgins | παρθένοι | virgins | ||||||
| — | λέγουσαι· | saying; | λεγουσαι | | | dicetes | dicentes | saying; | ܘܐܡܪܢ | saying; | λέγουσαι | saying; | ||||||
| — | κύριε | lord | — | | | — | Domine | lord | ܡܪܢ | lord | Κύριε | lord | ||||||
| — | κύριε, | lord, | — | | | dme | domine | lord, | ܡܪܢ | lord, | κύριε | lord, | ||||||
| — | ἄνοιξον | do open | ανοιξον | | | aperi | aperi | do open | ܦܬܚ | do open | ἄνοιξον | do open | ||||||
| — | ἡμῖν. | to us! | ημειν | | | nobis | nobis | to us! | ܠܢ | to us! | ἡμῖν | to us! | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||