The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ····· | — | κακεινοι | | | et | Et | And they | ܘܗܢܘܢ | And they | Κἀκεῖνοι | And they | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ακουσαντες | | | illi | illi | having heard | ܟܕ | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | οτι | | | audientes | audientes | that | ܫܡܥܘ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ζη | | | quia | quia | He is alive | ܕܐܡܪܢ | He is alive | ζῇ | He is alive | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | και | | | uiueret | viveret | and | ܕܚܝ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | εθεαθη | | | et | et | He has been seen | ܘܐܬܚܙܝ | He has been seen | ἐθεάθη | He has been seen | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ϋπ | | | uisus | visus | by | ܠܗܝܢ | by | ὑπ’ | by | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | αυτης | | | esset | esset | her | ܠܐ | her | αὐτῆς | her | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | — | | | ab | ab | disbelieved. | ܗܝܡܢܘ | disbelieved. | ἠπίστησαν | disbelieved. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||