The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Λέγει | Says | λεγει | | | dicit | Dicit | Says | ܐܡܪ | Says | Λέγει | Says | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | eis | illis | to them | ܠܗܘܢ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | oculis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus; | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | ||||||
| — | οὐδέποτε | surely sometime | ουδεποτε | | | numquam | Numquam | surely sometime | — | — | Οὐδέποτε | surely sometime | ||||||
| — | ἀνέγνωτε | you did read | ανεγνωτε | | | legistis | legistis | you did read | ܠܐ | you did read | ἀνέγνωτε | you did read | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܡܡܬܘܡ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ταῖς | the | ταις | | | a | nostris | the | — | — | ταῖς | the | ||||||
| — | γραφαῖς· | Scriptures: | γραφαις | | | scripturis | Scripturis | Scriptures: | ܩܪܝܬܘܢ | Scriptures: | γραφαῖς | Scriptures: | ||||||
| — | λίθον | The stone | λιθον | | | lapidem | Lapidem | The stone | ܒܟܬܒܐ | The stone | Λίθον | The stone | ||||||
| — | ὃν | which | ον | | | quem | quem | which | ܕܟܐܦܐ | which | ὃν | which | ||||||
| — | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | απεδοκειμασαν | | | reprobauerunt | reprobaverunt | rejected | — | — | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | οἰκοδομοῦντες, | building, | οικοδομουντες | | | dmo | ædificantes | building, | ܕܐܤܠܝܘ | building, | οἰκοδομοῦντες | building, | ||||||
| — | οὗτος | this | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this | ܒܢܝܐ | this | οὗτος | this | ||||||
| — | ἐγενήθη | has become | εγενηθη | | | factus | factus | has become | ܗܝ | has become | ἐγενήθη | has become | ||||||
| — | εἰς | the | εις | | | est | est | the | ܗܘܬ | the | εἰς | the | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | chief | κεφαλην | | | in | in | chief | ܠܪܫܐ | chief | κεφαλὴν | chief | ||||||
| — | γωνίας. | corner. | γωνειας | | | caput | caput | corner. | ܕܙܘܝܬܐ | corner. | γωνίας | corner. | ||||||
| — | παρὰ | From | παρα | | | anguli | anguli | From | — | — | παρὰ | From | ||||||
| — | κυρίου | the Lord | κυ | | | aedificantes | a | the Lord | ܡܢ | the Lord | κυρίου | the Lord | ||||||
| — | ἐγένετο | was | εγενετο | | | haec | Domino | was | ܠܘܬ | was | ἐγένετο | was | ||||||
| — | αὕτη, | this, | αυτη | | | facta | factum | this, | ܡܪܝܐ | this, | αὕτη | this, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | est | est | and | ܗܘܬ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | it is | εστιν | | | uestris | istud | it is | ܗܕܐ | it is | ἔστιν | it is | ||||||
| — | θαυμαστὴ | marvelous | θαυμαστη | | | et | et | marvelous | — | — | θαυμαστὴ | marvelous | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | est | est | in | ܘܐܝܬܝܗ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ὀφθαλμοῖς | the eyes | οφθαλμοις | | | mirabilis | mirabile | the eyes | ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ | the eyes | ὀφθαλμοῖς | the eyes | ||||||
| — | ἡμῶν;¶ | of us?’ | — | | | in | in | of us?’ | ܒܥܝܢܝܢ | of us?’ | ἡμῶν | of us?’ | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||