The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܟܠܗ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πᾶς | all | πας | | | omnis | omnis | all | ܥܡܐ | all | πᾶς | all | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | uigilabat | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | λαὸς | group of people | λαος | | | populus | populus | group of people | — | — | λαὸς | group of people | ||||||
| — | ὤρθριζεν | was coming early | ωρθριζεν | | | — | manicabat | was coming early | ܡܩܕܡܝܢ | was coming early | ὤρθριζεν | was coming early | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܗܘܘ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܠܘܬܗ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | in | in | in | ܠܗܝܟܠܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῷ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | ||||||
| — | ἱερῷ | temple | — | | | templo | templo | temple | — | — | ἱερῷ | temple | ||||||
| — | ἀκούειν | to hear | ακουειν | | | audire | audire | to hear | ܠܡܫܡܥ | to hear | ἀκούειν | to hear | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ.¶ | Him. | αυτου | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܡܠܬܗ | Him. | αὐτοῦ | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||