The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ιδοντεσP45 | Having seen | ἰδόντες | Having seen | ειδοντες | | | uidentes | Videntes | Having seen | ܟܕ | Having seen | Ἰδόντες | Having seen | |||||
δεP45 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
οιP45 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | in | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
αρχιερεισP45 | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχιερεις | | | principes | principes | chief priests | ܕܝܢ | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | sacerdotum | sacerdotum | and | ܪܒܝ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
οιP45 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | sunt | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
γραμματεισP45 | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | et | et | scribes | — | — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | |||||
ταP45 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | ossana | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
θαυμασιαP45 | wonders | θαυμάσια | wonders | θαυμασια | | | scribae | scribæ | wonders | ܟܗܢܐ | wonders | θαυμάσια | wonders | |||||
αP45 | that | ἃ | that | α | | | mirabilia | mirabilia | that | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | that | ἃ | that | |||||
εποιησενP45 | He did | ἐποίησεν | He did | εποιησεν | | | quae | quæ | He did | ܬܕܡܪܬܐ | He did | ἐποίησεν | He did | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | fecit | fecit | and | ܕܥܒܕ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τουσP45 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
παιδασP45 | children | παῖδας | children | παιδας | | | et | et | children | ܘܛܠܝܐ | children | παῖδας | children | |||||
τουσP45 | who | τοὺς | who | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | κράζοντας | who | |||||
κραζοντασP45 | are crying out | κράζοντας | are crying out | κραζοντας | | | pueros | pueros | are crying out | ܕܩܥܝܢ | are crying out | ἐν | are crying out | |||||
ενP45 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | clamantes | clamantes | in | ܒܗܝܟܠܐ | in | τῷ | in | |||||
τωιP45 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἱερῷ | the | |||||
ιερωιP45 | temple | ἱερῷ | temple | ϊερω | | | indignati | in | temple | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | temple | καὶ | temple | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | templo | templo | and | — | — | λέγοντας | and | |||||
λεγοντασP45 | saying; | λέγοντας· | saying; | λεγοντας | | | et | et | saying; | ܐܘܫܥܢܐ | saying; | Ὡσαννὰ | saying; | |||||
ωσανναP45 | Hosanna | ὡσαννὰ | Hosanna | — | | | dicentes | dicentes | Hosanna | ܠܒܪܗ | Hosanna | τῷ | Hosanna | |||||
τωιP45 | to the | τῷ | to the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | υἱῷ | to the | |||||
υιωιP45 | Son | υἱῷ | Son | ϋιω | | | — | Hosanna | Son | ܕܕܘܝܕ | Son | Δαυίδ | Son | |||||
δαυιδP45 | of David, | Δαυίδ, | of David, | δαυειδ | | | filio | filio | of David, | ܐܬܒܐܫ | of David, | ἠγανάκτησαν | of David, | |||||
ηγανακτησανP45 | they were indignant | ἠγανάκτησαν | they were indignant | ηγανακτησαν | | | dauid | David | they were indignant | ܠܗܘܢ | they were indignant | ἠγανάκτησαν | they were indignant | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||