The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ωσταιP25 | so that | ὥστε | so that | ωστε | | | alioquin | Itaque | so that | ܡܕܝܢ | so that | Ὥστε | so that | |||||
ουκετιP25 | no longer | οὐκέτι | no longer | ουκετι | | | iam | jam non | no longer | ܠܐ | no longer | οὐκέτι | no longer | |||||
εισινP25 | are they | εἰσὶν | are they | εισιν | | | non | sunt | are | ܗܘܘ | are they | εἰσὶν | are they | |||||
δυοP25 | two | δύο | two | δυο | | | sunt | duo | two | ܬܪܝܢ | two | δύο | two | |||||
αλλαP25 | but | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | duo | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | |||||
σαρξP25 | flesh | σὰρξ | flesh | — | | | sed | caro | one flesh | ܚܕ | flesh | σὰρξ | flesh | |||||
μιαP25 | one. | μία. | one. | μεια | | | una | una | one. | ܦܓܪ | one. | μία | one. | |||||
οP25 | What | ὃ | What | ο | | | caro | — | — | — | — | Ὃ | What | |||||
ουνP25 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | quod | ergo | therefore | ܗܟܝܠ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οP25 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ergo | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
θσP25 | God | θεὸς | God | — | | | — | Deus | God | ܕܐܠܗܐ | God | θεὸς | God | |||||
συνεζευξενP25 | united together, | συνέζευξεν, | united together, | συνεζευξεν | | | coniunxit | conjunxit | united together, | ܙܘܓ | united together, | συνέζευξεν | united together, | |||||
ανθρωποσP25 | man | ἄνθρωπος | man | ανθρωπος | | | homo | homo | man | ܒܪܢܫܐ | man | ἄνθρωπος | man | |||||
μηP25 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
χωριζετωP25 | should separate. | χωριζέτω.¶ | should separate. | — | | | separet | separet | should separate. | ܢܦܪܫ | should separate. | χωριζέτω | should separate. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||