The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | — | | | — | Qui | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | λέγει | he says | λεγει | | | dixit | dicit | he says | ܐܡܪ | he says | λέγει | he says | ||||||
| — | αὐταῖς· | to them; | — | | | ill | illis | to them; | ܠܗܝܢ | to them; | αὐταῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | μὴ | Not | — | | | nolite | Nolite | Not | ܠܐ | Not | Μὴ | Not | ||||||
| — | ἐκθαμβεῖσθε. | do be amazed. | — | | | is | expavescere | do be amazed. | ܬܕܚܠܢ | do be amazed. | ἐκθαμβεῖσθε | do be amazed. | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | — | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܠܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ζητεῖτε | you seek | — | | | — | quæritis | you seek | ܢܨܪܝܐ | you seek | ζητεῖτε | you seek | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | angelus | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | Ναζαρηνὸν | Nazarene | — | | | timere | Nazarenum | Nazarene | ܐܢܬܝܢ | Nazarene | Ναζαρηνὸν | Nazarene | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the One | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the One | ||||||
| — | ἐσταυρωμένον· | crucified; | — | | | crucifixum | crucifixum | crucified; | ܕܐܙܕܩܦ | crucified; | ἐσταυρωμένον | crucified; | ||||||
| — | ἠγέρθη, | He is risen! | — | | | surrexit | surrexit | He is risen! | ܩܡ | He is risen! | ἠγέρθη | He is risen! | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | Not | — | | | non | non | Not | ܠܗ | Not | οὐκ | Not | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | He is | — | | | est | est | He is | ܠܐ | He is | ἔστιν | He is | ||||||
| — | ὧδε· | here! | — | | | hic | hic | here! | ܗܘܐ | here! | ὧδε | here! | ||||||
| — | ἴδε | Behold | — | | | ecce | ecce | Behold | ܬܢܢ | Behold | ἴδε | Behold | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | quaeritis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | τόπος | place | — | | | locus | locus | place | ܕܘܟܬܐ | place | τόπος | place | ||||||
| — | ὅπου | where | οπου | | | ubi | ubi | where | ܐܝܟܐ | where | ὅπου | where | ||||||
| — | ἔθηκαν | they laid | εθηκαν | | | posuerunt | posuerunt | they laid | ܕܤܝܡ | they laid | ἔθηκαν | they laid | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܗܘܐ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||