The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
θελεισP71 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | dicit | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
εισP71 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | qui | Qui | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
τηνP71 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | — | dixit | He said | ܕܝܢ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | |||||
ζωηνP71 | to him; | αὐτῷ· | to him; | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to him; | ܐܡܪ | to him; | αὐτῷ | to him; | |||||
εισελθεινP71 | Why | τί | Why | τι | | | quid | Quid | Why | ܠܗ | Why | Τί | Why | |||||
τηρειP71 | Me | με | Me | με | | | — | — | — | ܡܢܐ | Me | με | Me | |||||
τασP71 | you ask | ἐρωτᾷς | you ask | ερωτας | | | me | me | you ask | ܩܪܐ | you ask | λέγεις | you ask | |||||
εντολασP71 | about | περὶ | about | περι | | | interrogas | interrogas | about | ܐܢܬ | about | ἀγαθόν | about | |||||
τοῦP71 | what is | τοῦ | what is | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Οὐδεὶς | what is | |||||
ἀγαθοῦ;P71 | good? | ἀγαθοῦ; | good? | αγαθου | | | de | de | good? | ܠܝ | good? | ἀγαθός | good? | |||||
εἷςP71 | One | εἷς | One | εις | | | bono | bono | One | ܛܒܐ | One | εἰ | One | |||||
ἐστινP71 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | unus | Unus | is | ܠܝܬ | is | μὴ | is | |||||
ὁP71 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | εἷς | <the> | |||||
ἀγαθόςP71 | good | ἀγαθός | good | αγαθος | | | est | est | good | ܛܒܐ | good | ὁ | good | |||||
εἰP71 | only | εἰ | only | ει | | | — | — | — | ܐܠܐ | only | θεός | only | |||||
μὴP71 | except | μὴ | except | — | | | bonus | bonus | except | ܐܢ | except | Εἰ | except | |||||
εἷςP71 | one | εἷς | one | — | | | autem | Deus | one | ܚܕ | one | δὲ | one | |||||
ὁP71 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | θέλεις | <the> | |||||
θεός.P71 | God. | θεός. | God. | — | | | si | Si | God. | ܐܠܗܐ | God. | εἰσελθεῖν | God. | |||||
εἰP71 | If | εἰ | If | — | | | autem | autem | If | ܐܢ | If | εἰς | If | |||||
δὲP71 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | uis | vis | however | ܕܝܢ | but | τὴν | however | |||||
θέλειςP71 | you desire | θέλεις | you desire | θελεις | | | — | ad | you desire | ܨܒܐ | you desire | ζωήν | you desire | |||||
εἰςP71 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬ | into | τήρησον | into | |||||
τὴνP71 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰς | <the> | |||||
ζωὴνP71 | life | ζωὴν | life | ζωην | | | uitam | vitam | life | ܕܬܥܘܠ | life | ἐντολάς | life | |||||
εἰσελθεῖν,P71 | to enter, | εἰσελθεῖν, | to enter, | — | | | in | ingredi | to enter, | ܠܚܝܐ | to enter, | εἰσελθεῖν, | to enter, | |||||
τήρησονP71 | do keep | τήρησον | do keep | — | | | serua | serva | do keep | ܛܪ | do keep | τήρησον | do keep | |||||
τὰςP71 | the | τὰς | the | τας | | | uenire | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
ἐντολάς.¶P71 | commandments. | ἐντολάς.¶ | commandments. | εντολας | | | manda | mandata | commandments. | ܦܘܩܕܢܐ | commandments. | ἐντολάς.¶ | commandments. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||