The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἔτι | While yet | ετι | | | adhuc | Adhuc | While yet | ܘܥܕ | While yet | Ἔτι | While yet | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | when he | αυτου | | | eo | eo | when he | ܗܘ | when he | αὐτοῦ | when he | ||||||
| — | λαλοῦντος | is speaking | λαλουντος | | | loquente | loquente | is speaking | ܡܡܠܠ | is speaking | λαλοῦντος | is speaking | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | νεφέλη | a cloud | νεφελη | | | nubs | nubes | a cloud | ܗܐ | a cloud | νεφέλη | a cloud | ||||||
| — | φωτεινὴ | bright | φωτεινη | | | lucida | lucida | bright | ܥܢܢܐ | bright | φωτεινὴ | bright | ||||||
| — | ἐπεσκίασεν | overshadowed | — | | | obumbrabat | obumbravit | overshadowed | ܢܗܝܪܬܐ | overshadowed | ἐπεσκίασεν | overshadowed | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς, | them, | αυτους | | | eos | eos | them, | ܐܛܠܬ | them, | αὐτούς | them, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܥܠܝܗܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | φωνὴ | a voice | φωνη | | | uox | vox | a voice | ܘܩܠܐ | a voice | φωνὴ | a voice | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | out of | εκ | | | de | de | out of | ܗܘܐ | out of | ἐκ | out of | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | conplacui | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | νεφέλης | cloud | νεφελης | | | nube | nube | cloud | ܡܢ | cloud | νεφέλης | cloud | ||||||
| — | λέγουσα· | saying; | λεγουσα | | | dicens | dicens | saying; | ܥܢܢܐ | saying; | λέγουσα | saying; | ||||||
| — | οὗτός | This | ουτος | | | hic | Hic | This | — | — | Οὗτός | This | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܕܐܡܪ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | audite | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | υἱός | Son | ϋιος | | | filius | Filius | Son | ܗܢܘ | Son | υἱός | Son | ||||||
| — | μου | of Mine | μου | | | meus | meus | of Mine | ܒܪܝ | of Mine | μου | of Mine | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀγαπητὸς | beloved | αγαπητος | | | dilectus | dilectus | beloved | ܚܒܝܒܐ | beloved | ἀγαπητός | beloved | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܕܒܗ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ᾧ | whom | ω | | | quo | quo | whom | — | — | ᾧ | whom | ||||||
| — | εὐδόκησα· | I am well pleased; | — | | | — | mihi bene complacui | I am well pleased | ܐܨܛܒܝܬ | I am well pleased; | εὐδόκησα | I am well pleased; | ||||||
| — | ἀκούετε | do listen | ακουετε | | | — | audite | hear | ܠܗ | do listen | αὐτοῦ | do listen | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | to Him. | αυτου | | | eum | ipsum | him | ܫܡܥܘ | to Him. | ἀκούετε | to Him. | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||