The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | γενεὰ | A generation | γενεα | | | faciem | Generatio | generation | ܫܪܒܬܐ | A generation | Γενεὰ | A generation | ||||||
| — | πονηρὰ | evil | πονηρα | | | quidem | mala | evil | ܒܝܫܬܐ | evil | πονηρὰ | evil | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | caeli | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | μοιχαλὶς | adulterous | — | | | querit | adultera | adulterous | ܘܓܝܪܬܐ | adulterous | μοιχαλὶς | adulterous | ||||||
| — | σημεῖον | a sign | σημιον | | | signum | signum | sign | ܐܬܐ | a sign | σημεῖον | a sign | ||||||
| — | ἐπιζητεῖ· | seeks; | — | | | signa | quærit | seeks | ܒܥܝܐ | seeks; | ἐπιζητεῖ | seeks; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | autem | et | and | ܘܐܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | σημεῖον | a sign | — | | | temporum | signum | sign | — | — | σημεῖον | a sign | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | δοθήσεται | will be given | δοθησεται | | | potestis | dabitur | will be given | ܡܬܝܗܒܐ | will be given | δοθήσεται | will be given | ||||||
| — | αὐτῇ | to it | αυτη | | | scitis | ei | to it | ܠܗ | to it | αὐτῇ | to it | ||||||
| — | εἰ | only | ει | | | generatio | — | — | ܐܠܐ | only | εἰ | only | ||||||
| — | μὴ | except | μη | | | mala | nisi | except | — | — | μὴ | except | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | et | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | σημεῖον | sign | σημιον | | | — | signum | sign | ܐܬܗ | sign | σημεῖον | sign | ||||||
| — | Ἰωνᾶ | of Jonah | ιωνα | | | signum | Jonæ | of Jonah | ܕܝܘܢܢ | of Jonah | Ἰωνᾶ | of Jonah | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | προφήτου. | prophet. | — | | | et | prophetæ | the prophet | ܢܒܝܐ | prophet. | προφήτου | prophet. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | signum | Et | and | ܘܫܒܩ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | καταλιπὼν | having left | καταλιπων | | | non | relictis | having left | — | — | καταλιπὼν | having left | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | dabitur | illis | them | ܐܢܘܢ | them | αὐτούς | them | ||||||
| — | ἀπῆλθεν.¶ | He went away. | απηλθεν | | | ei | abiit | went away | ܘܐܙܠ | He went away. | ἀπῆλθεν | He went away. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||