The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܒܨܦܪܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πρωΐ· | in the morning; | πρωει | | | pluuia | — | — | ܐܡܪܝܢ | in the morning; | πρωΐ | in the morning; | ||||||
| — | σήμερον | Today | σημερον | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | Today | Σήμερον | Today | ||||||
| — | χειμών, | a storm, | χειμων | | | mane | mane | a storm, | ܝܘܡܢܐ | a storm, | χειμών | a storm, | ||||||
| — | πυρράζει | is red | πυρραζει | | | — | — | — | ܤܬܘܐ | is red | πυρράζει | is red | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | hodie | Hodie | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | στυγνάζων | being overcast | στυγναζων | | | — | — | — | ܤܡܩܬ | being overcast | στυγνάζων | being overcast | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανός. | sky. | — | | | — | — | — | ܫܡܝܐ | sky. | οὐρανός | sky. | ||||||
| — | ὑποκριταί | hypocrites | — | | | — | tempestas | hypocrites | ܟܡܝܪܐܝܬ | hypocrites | Ὑποκριταί | hypocrites | ||||||
| — | τὸ | The | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | The | ||||||
| — | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | — | — | — | ܒܐܦܐ | indeed | μὲν | indeed | ||||||
| — | πρόσωπον | appearance | προσωπον | | | rubet | rutilat | appearance | ܦܪܨܘܦܐ | appearance | πρόσωπον | appearance | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῦ | sky | ουρανου | | | — | — | — | ܝܕܥܝܢ | sky | οὐρανοῦ | sky | ||||||
| — | γινώσκετε | you know how | — | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you know how | γινώσκετε | you know how | ||||||
| — | διακρίνειν, | to discern, | διακρεινειν | | | enim | enim | to discern, | ܕܬܒܩܘܢ | to discern, | διακρίνειν | to discern, | ||||||
| — | τὰ | <the> | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | — | — | — | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | σημεῖα | the signs | σημια | | | triste | triste | the signs | ܗܢܐ | the signs | σημεῖα | the signs | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | καιρῶν | times | καιρων | | | — | — | — | ܝܕܥܝܢ | times | καιρῶν | times | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | not | οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | δύνασθε; | you are able? | — | | | caelum | cælum | you are able? | ܕܬܦܪܫܘܢ | you are able? | δύνασθε | you are able? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||