The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | et | Et | and | ܠܟ | and | Καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | δώσω | I will give | — | | | tibi | tibi | I will give | ܐܬܠ | I will give | δώσω | I will give | ||||||
| — | σοι | to you | σοι | | | dabo | dabo | to you | — | — | σοὶ | to you | ||||||
| — | τὰς | the | τας | | | caelorum | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | ||||||
| — | κλεῖδας | keys | — | | | claues | claves | keys | ܩܠܝܕܐ | keys | κλεῖς | keys | ||||||
| — | τῆς | of the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείας | kingdom | βασιλειας | | | regni | regni | kingdom | ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ | kingdom | βασιλείας | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανῶν, | heavens, | ουρανων | | | — | cælorum | heavens, | — | — | οὐρανῶν | heavens, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܕܫܡܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ὃ | whatever | ο | | | quodcumque | — | — | — | — | ὃ | whatever | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | — | | | ligaueris | ligaveris | if | — | — | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | δήσῃς | you shall bind | δησης | | | super | super | you shall bind | ܡܕܡ | you shall bind | δήσῃς | you shall bind | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | on | επι | | | terram | terram | on | ܕܬܐܤܘܪ | on | ἐπὶ | on | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | caelis | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | γῆς, | earth, | γης | | | erit | erit | earth, | — | — | γῆς | earth, | ||||||
| — | ἔσται | will be | εσται | | | ligatum | ligatum | will be | ܒܐܪܥܐ | will be | ἔσται | will be | ||||||
| — | δεδεμένον | bound | δεδεμενον | | | etrit | et | bound | ܢܗܘܐ | bound | δεδεμένον | bound | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῖς, | heavens, | ουρανοις | | | — | cælis | heavens, | ܐܤܝܪ | heavens, | οὐρανοῖς | heavens, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | et | and | ܒܫܡܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ὃ | whatever | ο | | | quod | — | — | — | — | ὃ | whatever | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | maybe | — | | | solueris | solveris | maybe | ܘܡܕܡ | maybe | ἐὰν | maybe | ||||||
| — | λύσῃς | you shall loose | λυσης | | | — | super | you shall loose | ܕܬܫܪܐ | you shall loose | λύσῃς | you shall loose | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | on | επι | | | terra | terram | on | — | — | ἐπὶ | on | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | in | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | γῆς, | earth, | γης | | | — | erit | earth, | ܒܐܪܥܐ | earth, | γῆς | earth, | ||||||
| — | ἔσται | will be | — | | | solutum | solutum | will be | ܢܗܘܐ | will be | ἔσται | will be | ||||||
| — | λελυμένον | loosed | λελυμενον | | | — | et | loosed | — | — | λελυμένον | loosed | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܫܪܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῖς.¶ | heavens. | ουρανοις | | | caelis | cælis | heavens. | ܒܫܡܝܐ | heavens. | οὐρανοῖς | heavens. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||