The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Πάλιν | Again | παλιν | | | iterum | Iterum | Again | ܬܘܒ | Again | Πάλιν | Again | ||||||
| — | ὁμοία | like | ομοια | | | simile | simile | like | ܕܡܝܐ | like | ὁμοία | like | ||||||
| — | ἐστὶν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | is | ἐστὶν | is | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | caelorum | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλεια | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | ܕܫܡܝܐ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανῶν | heavens | ουρανων | | | — | cælorum | heavens | ܠܓܒܪܐ | heavens | οὐρανῶν | heavens | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπῳ | to a man | ανθρωπω | | | homini | homini | to a man | ܬܓܪܐ | to a man | ἀνθρώπῳ | to a man | ||||||
| — | ἐμπόρῳ | a merchant | — | | | negotianti | negotiatori | a merchant | ܕܒܥܐ | a merchant | ἐμπόρῳ | a merchant | ||||||
| — | ζητοῦντι | seeking | ζητουντι | | | querenti | quærenti | seeking | ܗܘܐ | seeking | ζητοῦντι | seeking | ||||||
| — | καλοὺς | fine | καλους | | | bonas | bonas | fine | ܡܪܓܢܝܬܐ | fine | καλοὺς | fine | ||||||
| — | μαργαρίτας. | pearls. | μαργαρειτας | | | margaritas | margaritas | pearls. | ܛܒܬܐ | pearls. | μαργαρίτας | pearls. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 13:55 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||