The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὥσπερ | Just as | ωσπερι | | | sicut | Sicut | Just as | ܐܝܟܢܐ | Just as | Ὥσπερ | Just as | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was | — | | | erat | fuit | was | ܕܗܘܐ | was | ἦν | was | ||||||
| — | Ἰωνᾶς | Jonah | ϊωνας | | | — | Jonas | Jonah | — | — | Ἰωνᾶς | Jonah | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܝܘܢܢ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | ïonas | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | κοιλίᾳ | belly | κοιλια | | | uentre | ventre | belly | ܒܟܪܤܗ | belly | κοιλίᾳ | belly | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | κήτους | great fish | κητους | | | ceti | ceti | great fish | ܕܢܘܢܐ | great fish | κήτους | great fish | ||||||
| — | τρεῖς | three | τρεις | | | tres | tribus | three | ܬܠܬܐ | three | τρεῖς | three | ||||||
| — | ἡμέρας | days | ημερας | | | dies | diebus | days | ܝܘܡܝܢ | days | ἡμέρας | days | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τρεῖς | three | τρεις | | | — | tribus | three | ܘܬܠܬܐ | three | τρεῖς | three | ||||||
| — | νύκτας, | nights, | νυκτας | | | noctes | noctibus | nights, | ܠܝܠܘܢ | nights, | νύκτας | nights, | ||||||
| — | οὕτως | so | ουτως | | | sic | sic | so | ܗܟܢܐ | so | οὕτως | so | ||||||
| — | ἔσται | will be | — | | | erit | erit | will be | ܢܗܘܐ | will be | ἔσται | will be | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | — | | | tres | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | υἱὸς | Son | — | | | filius | Filius | Son | — | — | υἱὸς | Son | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | tres | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | — | | | hominis | hominis | of Man | ܒܪܗ | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | in | in | in | ܕܐܢܫܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | καρδίᾳ | heart | — | | | corde | corde | heart | ܒܠܒܗ | heart | καρδίᾳ | heart | ||||||
| — | τῆς | of the | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
| — | γῆς | earth | — | | | terrae | terræ | earth | ܕܐܪܥܐ | earth | γῆς | earth | ||||||
| — | τρεῖς | three | — | | | — | tribus | three | ܬܠܬܐ | three | τρεῖς | three | ||||||
| — | ἡμέρας | days | — | | | dies | diebus | days | — | — | ἡμέρας | days | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܝܡܡܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τρεῖς | three | τρεις | | | tres | tribus | three | ܘܬܠܬܐ | three | τρεῖς | three | ||||||
| — | νύκτας.¶ | nights. | νυκτας | | | noctes | noctibus | nights. | ܠܝܠܘܢ | nights. | νύκτας | nights. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 13:55 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||