The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Earliest Papyrus c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Sinaiticus c. 350 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
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| Ταῦτα | These things | Ταῦτα | These things | Ταῦτα | These things | Hæc | — | ܟܕ | Matthew | Ταῦτα | These things | ||||||
| δὲ | now | δὲ | now | δὲ | now | autem | but (postpositive) | ܗܠܝܢ | Matthew | δὲ | now | ||||||
| αὐτοῦ | when he | αὐτοῦ | when he | αὐτοῦ | when he | eo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | Matthew | αὐτοῦ | when he | ||||||
| ἐνθυμηθέντος | was pondering | ἐνθυμηθέντος | was pondering | ἐνθυμηθέντος | was pondering | cogitante | think | ܐܬܪܥܝ | Matthew | ἐνθυμηθέντος | was pondering | ||||||
| ἰδοὺ | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | ecce | behold! see! look! there! here! [ecce eum => here he is] | ܐܬܚܙܝ | a | ἰδοὺ | behold | ||||||
| ἄγγελος | an angel | ἄγγελος | an angel | ἄγγελος | an angel | angelus | angel | ܠܗ | a | ἄγγελος | an angel | ||||||
| ΚΥ | of the Lord | ΚΥ | of the Lord | ΚΥ | of the Lord | Domini | rule | ܡܠܐܟܐ | a | ΚΥ | of the Lord | ||||||
| κατ᾽ | in | κατ᾽ | in | κατ᾽ | in | apparuit | — | ܕܡܪܝܐ | a | κατ᾽ | in | ||||||
| ὄναρ | a dream | ὄναρ | a dream | ὄναρ | a dream | in | in | ܒܚܠܡܐ | Gowra | ὄναρ | a dream | ||||||
| ἐφάνη | appeared | ἐφάνη | appeared | ἐφάνη | appeared | somnis | sleep | ܘܐܡܪ | Gowra | ἐφάνη | appeared | ||||||
| αὐτῷ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | ei | Ah! Woe! | ܠܗ | Gowra | αὐτῷ | to him | ||||||
| λέγων· | saying; | λέγων· | saying; | λέγων· | saying; | dicens | — | ܝܘܤܦ | Gowra | λέγων· | saying; | ||||||
| Ἰωσὴφ | Joseph | Ἰωσὴφ | Joseph | Ἰωσὴφ | Joseph | Joseph | — | ܒܪܗ | husband | Ἰωσὴφ | Joseph | ||||||
| υἱὸς | son | υἱὸς | son | υἱὸς | son | fili | daughter | ܕܕܘܝܕ | husband | υἱὸς | son | ||||||
| Δαυίδ, | of David, | Δαυίδ, | of David, | Δαυείδ | of David, | David | David | ܠܐ | husband | Δαβίδ | of David, | ||||||
| μὴ | not | μὴ | not | μὴ | not | noli | Nola (town in Campania) | ܬܕܚܠ | husband | μὴ | not | ||||||
| φοβηθῇς | may you fear | φοβηθῇς | may you fear | φοβηθῇς | may you fear | timere | — | ܠܡܤܒ | custodian | φοβηθῇς | may you fear | ||||||
| παραλαβεῖν | to receive | παραλαβεῖν | to receive | παραλαβεῖν | to receive | accipere | — | ܠܡܪܝܡ | custodian | παραλαβεῖν | to receive | ||||||
| Μαρίαν | Mary | Μαρίαν | Mary | Μαρίαν | Mary | Mariam | Mary | ܐܢܬܬܟ | custodian | Μαριὰμ | Mary | ||||||
| τὴν | as the | τὴν | as the | τὴν | as the | — | — | — | — | τὴν | as the | ||||||
| γυναῖκά | wife | γυναῖκά | wife | γυναῖκά | wife | conjugem | wife | ܗܘ | custodian | γυναῖκά | wife | ||||||
| σου· | of you; | σου· | of you; | σου· | of you; | tuam | you (sing.) | ܓܝܪ | or | σου· | of you; | ||||||
| τὸ | that | τὸ | that | τὸ | that | — | — | — | — | τὸ | that | ||||||
| γὰρ | for | γὰρ | for | γὰρ | for | quod | with respect to which | ܕܐܬܝܠܕ | or | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| ἐν | in | ἐν | in | ἐν | in | enim | namely (postpos.) | ܒܗ | or | ἐν | in | ||||||
| αὐτῇ | her | αὐτῇ | her | αὐτῇ | her | in | in | ܡܢ | or | αὐτῇ | her | ||||||
| γεννηθὲν | having been conceived | γεννηθὲν | having been conceived | γεννηθὲν | having been conceived | ea | — | ܪܘܚܐ | father | γεννηθὲν | having been conceived | ||||||
| ἐκ | from | ἐκ | from | ἐκ | from | natum | daughter | ܗܘ | father | ἐκ | from | ||||||
| ΠΝΣ | the Spirit | ΠΝΣ | the Spirit | ΠΝΣ | the Spirit | est | — | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | father | ΠΝΣ | the Spirit | ||||||
| ἐστιν | which is | ἐστιν | which is | ἐστιν | which is | de | down/away from | — | — | ἐστιν | which is | ||||||
| ἁγίου. | Holy. | ἁγίου. | Holy. | ἁγίου. | Holy. | Spiritu | — | — | — | ἁγίου. | Holy. | ||||||