The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | ubi | Et | and | ܘܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | — | | | — | si | if | ܪܓܠܟ | if | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | πούς | foot | πους | | | — | pes | foot | — | — | πούς | foot | ||||||
| — | σου | of you | σου | | | uermis | tuus | your | ܡܟܫܠܐ | of you | σου | of you | ||||||
| — | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | σκανδαλιζη | | | — | scandalizat | causes to sin | ܠܟ | shall cause to stumble | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | ||||||
| — | σε, | you, | σε | | | — | te | you | ܦܤܘܩܝܗ | you, | σε | you, | ||||||
| — | ἀπόκοψον | do cut off | αποκοψον | | | eorum | amputa | cut off | — | — | ἀπόκοψον | do cut off | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν· | it; | αυτον | | | — | illum | it | ܦܩܚ | it; | αὐτόν | it; | ||||||
| — | καλόν | better | καλον | | | — | bonum | good | ܗܘ | better | καλόν | better | ||||||
| — | ἐστίν | it is | εστιν | | | non | est | is | ܠܟ | it is | ἐστίν | it is | ||||||
| — | σε | for you | — | | | — | tibi | for you | — | — | σοι | for you | ||||||
| — | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | — | | | — | intrare | to enter | ܕܬܥܘܠ | to enter | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | — | | | morietur | in | into | ܠܚܝܐ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | ζωὴν | life | — | | | — | vitam aeternam | eternal life | ܚܓܝܤܐ | life | ζωὴν | life | ||||||
| — | χωλὸν | lame | χωλον | | | — | claudum | lame | — | — | χωλόν | lame | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | — | duos | two | ܟܕ | two | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | πόδας | feet | — | | | — | pedes | feet | ܐܝܬ | feet | πόδας | feet | ||||||
| — | ἔχοντα | having | — | | | ignis | habentem | having | — | — | ἔχοντα | having | ||||||
| — | βληθῆναι | to be cast | — | | | — | mitti | to be thrown | ܠܟ | to be cast | βληθῆναι | to be cast | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | in | into | ܬܪܬܝܢ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | γέενναν | hell | — | | | non | gehennam | hell | ܪܓܠܝܢ | hell | γέενναν | hell | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | — | — | — | — | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | πῦρ | fire | πυρ | | | — | ignis | of fire | ܬܦܠ | fire | πῦρ | fire | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἄσβεστον. | unquenchable. | ασβεστον | | | extinguitur | inextinguibilis | unquenchable | ܒܓܗܢܐ | unquenchable. | ἄσβεστον | unquenchable. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||