Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP45		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	et	And	ܘܫܐܠܘܗܝ	And	Ἔπειτα	And
επερωτωσινP45		questioned	ἐπερωτῶσιν	questioned	επερωτωσιν	\|	interrogant	interrogabant	questioned	ܤܦܪܐ	questioned	ἐπερωτῶσιν	questioned
αυτονP45		Him	αὐτὸν	Him	αυτον	\|	eum	eum	Him	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	Him	αὐτὸν	Him
οιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	dicentes	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
φαρεισαιοιP45		Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	pharisaei	pharisæi	Pharisees	—	—	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܠܡܢܐ	and	καὶ	and
οιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
γραμματεισP45		scribes;	γραμματεῖς·	scribes;	γραμματεις	\|	scribae	scribæ	scribes;	ܬܠܡܝܕܝܟ	scribes;	γραμματεῖς	scribes;
λεγοντεσP45		Because of	διὰ	Because of	δια	\|	quare	Quare	Because of	ܠܐ	Because of	Διὰ	Because of
διαP45		why	τί	why	τι	\|	discipuli	discipuli	why	ܡܗܠܟܝܢ	why	τί	why
τιP45		not	οὐ	not	—	\|	tui	tui	not	ܐܝܟ	not	οἱ	not
οιP45		walk	περιπατοῦσιν	walk	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	μαθηταί	walk
μαθηταιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	secuntur	—	—	—	—	σου	the
σουP45		disciples	μαθηταί	disciples	μαθηται	\|	non	non	disciples	ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ	disciples	οὐ	disciples
ουP45		of You	σου	of You	σου	\|	—	ambulant	of You	ܕܩܫܝܫܐ	of You	περιπατοῦσιν	of You
περιπατουσινP45		according to	κατὰ	according to	κατα	\|	—	juxta	according to	ܐܠܐ	according to	κατὰ	according to
καταP45		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	secundum	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
τηνP45		tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition	παραδοσιν	\|	traditionem	traditionem	tradition	ܟܕ	tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition
παραδοσινP45		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
τωνP45		elders,	πρεσβυτέρων,	elders,	πρεσβυτερων	\|	—	seniorum	elders,	ܠܐ	elders,	πρεσβυτέρων	elders,
πρεσβυτερωνP45		but	ἀλλὰ	but	αλλα	\|	sed	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλὰ	but
αλλαP45		with unsanctified	κοιναῖς	with unsanctified	κοιναις	\|	communibus	communibus	with unsanctified	—	—	ἀνίπτοις	with unsanctified
κοιναισP45		hands	χερσὶν	hands	χερσιν	\|	manibus	manibus	hands	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	hands	χερσὶν	hands
χερσινP45		eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat	—	\|	manducant	manducant	eat	ܐܟܠܝܢ	eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat
καιP45		the	τὸν	the	τον	\|	saeniorum	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
ανιπτοισP45		bread?	ἄρτον;¶	bread?	αρτον	\|	panem	panem	bread?	ܠܚܡܐ	bread?	ἄρτον	bread?
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP45		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	et	And	ܘܫܐܠܘܗܝ	And	Ἔπειτα	And
επερωτωσινP45		questioned	ἐπερωτῶσιν	questioned	επερωτωσιν	\|	interrogant	interrogabant	questioned	ܤܦܪܐ	questioned	ἐπερωτῶσιν	questioned
αυτονP45		Him	αὐτὸν	Him	αυτον	\|	eum	eum	Him	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	Him	αὐτὸν	Him
οιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	dicentes	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
φαρεισαιοιP45		Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	pharisaei	pharisæi	Pharisees	—	—	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܠܡܢܐ	and	καὶ	and
οιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
γραμματεισP45		scribes;	γραμματεῖς·	scribes;	γραμματεις	\|	scribae	scribæ	scribes;	ܬܠܡܝܕܝܟ	scribes;	γραμματεῖς	scribes;
λεγοντεσP45		Because of	διὰ	Because of	δια	\|	quare	Quare	Because of	ܠܐ	Because of	Διὰ	Because of
διαP45		why	τί	why	τι	\|	discipuli	discipuli	why	ܡܗܠܟܝܢ	why	τί	why
τιP45		not	οὐ	not	—	\|	tui	tui	not	ܐܝܟ	not	οἱ	not
οιP45		walk	περιπατοῦσιν	walk	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	μαθηταί	walk
μαθηταιP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	secuntur	—	—	—	—	σου	the
σουP45		disciples	μαθηταί	disciples	μαθηται	\|	non	non	disciples	ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ	disciples	οὐ	disciples
ουP45		of You	σου	of You	σου	\|	—	ambulant	of You	ܕܩܫܝܫܐ	of You	περιπατοῦσιν	of You
περιπατουσινP45		according to	κατὰ	according to	κατα	\|	—	juxta	according to	ܐܠܐ	according to	κατὰ	according to
καταP45		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	secundum	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
τηνP45		tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition	παραδοσιν	\|	traditionem	traditionem	tradition	ܟܕ	tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition
παραδοσινP45		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
τωνP45		elders,	πρεσβυτέρων,	elders,	πρεσβυτερων	\|	—	seniorum	elders,	ܠܐ	elders,	πρεσβυτέρων	elders,
πρεσβυτερωνP45		but	ἀλλὰ	but	αλλα	\|	sed	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλὰ	but
αλλαP45		with unsanctified	κοιναῖς	with unsanctified	κοιναις	\|	communibus	communibus	with unsanctified	—	—	ἀνίπτοις	with unsanctified
κοιναισP45		hands	χερσὶν	hands	χερσιν	\|	manibus	manibus	hands	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	hands	χερσὶν	hands
χερσινP45		eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat	—	\|	manducant	manducant	eat	ܐܟܠܝܢ	eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat
καιP45		the	τὸν	the	τον	\|	saeniorum	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
ανιπτοισP45		bread?	ἄρτον;¶	bread?	αρτον	\|	panem	panem	bread?	ܠܚܡܐ	bread?	ἄρτον	bread?
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP45

And

Καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܫܐܠܘܗܝ

And

Ἔπειτα

And

επερωτωσινP45

questioned

ἐπερωτῶσιν

questioned

επερωτωσιν

interrogant

interrogabant

questioned

ܤܦܪܐ

questioned

ἐπερωτῶσιν

questioned

αυτονP45

Him

αὐτὸν

Him

αυτον

eum

Him

ܘܦܪܝܫܐ

Him

αὐτὸν

Him

οιP45

the

οἱ

the

οι

dicentes

—

οἱ

the

φαρεισαιοιP45

Pharisees

Φαρισαῖοι

Pharisees

φαρισαιοι

pharisaei

pharisæi

Pharisees

—

Φαρισαῖοι

Pharisees

καιP45

and

καὶ

and

και

and

ܠܡܢܐ

and

καὶ

and

οιP45

the

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

γραμματεισP45

scribes;

γραμματεῖς·

scribes;

γραμματεις

scribae

scribæ

scribes;

ܬܠܡܝܕܝܟ

scribes;

γραμματεῖς

scribes;

λεγοντεσP45

Because of

διὰ

Because of

δια

quare

Quare

Because of

ܠܐ

Because of

Διὰ

Because of

διαP45

why

τί

why

τι

discipuli

why

ܡܗܠܟܝܢ

why

τί

why

τιP45

not

οὐ

not

—

tui

not

ܐܝܟ

not

οἱ

not

οιP45

walk

περιπατοῦσιν

walk

—

μαθηταί

walk

μαθηταιP45

the

οἱ

the

οι

secuntur

—

σου

the

σουP45

disciples

μαθηταί

disciples

μαθηται

non

disciples

ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ

disciples

οὐ

disciples

ουP45

of You

σου

of You

σου

—

ambulant

of You

ܕܩܫܝܫܐ

of You

περιπατοῦσιν

of You

περιπατουσινP45

according to

κατὰ

according to

κατα

—

juxta

according to

ܐܠܐ

according to

κατὰ

according to

καταP45

the

τὴν

the

την

secundum

—

τὴν

the

τηνP45

tradition

παράδοσιν

tradition

παραδοσιν

traditionem

tradition

ܟܕ

tradition

παράδοσιν

tradition

παραδοσινP45

of the

τῶν

of the

των

—

τῶν

of the

τωνP45

elders,

πρεσβυτέρων,

elders,

πρεσβυτερων

—

seniorum

elders,

ܠܐ

elders,

πρεσβυτέρων

elders,

πρεσβυτερωνP45

but

ἀλλὰ

but

αλλα

sed

but

ܐܠܐ

but

ἀλλὰ

but

αλλαP45

with unsanctified

κοιναῖς

with unsanctified

κοιναις

communibus

with unsanctified

—

ἀνίπτοις

with unsanctified

κοιναισP45

hands

χερσὶν

hands

χερσιν

manibus

hands

ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ

hands

χερσὶν

hands

χερσινP45

eat

ἐσθίουσιν

eat

—

manducant

eat

ܐܟܠܝܢ

eat

ἐσθίουσιν

eat

καιP45

the

τὸν

the

τον

saeniorum

—

τὸν

the

ανιπτοισP45

bread?

ἄρτον;¶

bread?

αρτον

panem

bread?

ܠܚܡܐ

bread?

ἄρτον

bread?

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 7:5

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 7:5

Translation Lineage